ArticleRetrovirology2005
Presence of a functional but dispensable nuclear export signal in the HTLV-2 Tax protein.
Article in Retrovirology, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Negative feedback regulation of karrikin signaling inProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- FHA domain of AGGF1 is essential for its nucleocytoplasmic transport and angiogenesis.Science China. Life sciences · 2021Article
- NF-κB and MicroRNA Deregulation Mediated by HTLV-1 Tax and HBZ.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Review
- Comparative virology of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2.Retrovirology · 2019Review
- Highlights on distinctive structural and functional properties of HTLV Tax proteins.Frontiers in microbiology · 2013Review
- Tax-1 and Tax-2 similarities and differences: focus on post-translational modifications and NF-κB activation.Frontiers in microbiology · 2013Article
- The MHC-II transactivator CIITA, a restriction factor against oncogenic HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 retroviruses: similarities and differences in the inhibition of Tax-1 and Tax-2 viral transactivators.Frontiers in microbiology · 2013Article
- Human T cell leukemia virus type 2 tax-mediated NF-κB activation involves a mechanism independent of Tax conjugation to ubiquitin and SUMO.Journal of virology · 2013Article
- Nuclear-cytoplasmic trafficking of NTF2, the nuclear import receptor for the RanGTPase, is subjected to regulation.PloS one · 2012Article
- The transcription profile of Tax-3 is more similar to Tax-1 than Tax-2: insights into HTLV-3 potential leukemogenic properties.PloS one · 2012Article
- HTLV tax: a fascinating multifunctional co-regulator of viral and cellular pathways.Frontiers in microbiology · 2012Article
- Article
- Molecular and cellular correlates of the CIITA-mediated inhibition of HTLV-2 Tax-2 transactivator function resulting in loss of viral replication.Journal of translational medicine · 2011Article
- Review
- The pleiotropic protein kinase CK2 phosphorylates HTLV-1 Tax protein in vitro, targeting its PDZ-binding motif.Virus genes · 2010Article
- Identification of a novel motif responsible for the distinctive transforming activity of human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV) type 1 Tax1 protein from HTLV-2 Tax2.Retrovirology · 2009Article
- NRP/Optineurin Cooperates with TAX1BP1 to potentiate the activation of NF-kappaB by human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 tax protein.PLoS pathogens · 2009Article
- Construction and characterization of a full-length infectious simian T-cell lymphotropic virus type 3 molecular clone.Journal of virology · 2007Article
- Phosphorylation-dependent regulation of nuclear localization and functions of integrin-linked kinase.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2007Article
- Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 3: complete nucleotide sequence and characterization of the human tax3 protein.Journal of virology · 2006Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHuman T-cell leukemia virus type 1 and type 2 are related human retroviruses. HTLV-1 is the etiological agent of the Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma and of the Tropical Spastic Paraparesis/HTLV-1 Associated Myelopathy, whereas, HTLV-2 infection has not been formally associated with any T-cell malignancy. HTLV-1 and 2 genomes encode, respectively, the Tax1 and Tax2 proteins whose role is to transactivate the viral promoter. HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 Tax sequences display 28% divergence at the amino acid level. Tax1 is a shuttling protein that possesses both a non canonical nuclear import (NLS) and a nuclear export (NES) signal. We have recently demonstrated that Tax1 and Tax2 display different subcellular localization and that residues 90-100 are critical for this process. We investigate in the present report, whether Tax2 also possesses a functional NES.
resultsWe first used a NES prediction method to determine whether the Tax2 protein might contain a NES and the results do suggest the presence of a NES sequence in Tax2. Using Green Fluorescent Protein-NES (GFP-NES) fusion proteins, we demonstrate that the Tax2 sequence encompasses a functional NES (NES2). As shown by microscope imaging, NES2 is able to mediate translocation of GFP from the nucleus, without the context of a full length Tax protein. Furthermore, point mutations or leptomycin B treatment abrogate NES2 function. However, within the context of full length Tax2, similar point mutations in the NES2 leucine rich stretch do not modify Tax2 localization. Finally, we also show that Tax1 NES function is dependent upon the positioning of the nuclear export signal "vis-à-vis" GFP.
conclusionHTLV-2 Tax NES is functional but dispensable for the protein localization in vitro.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.