ArticleBMJ (Clinical research ed.)2005
Cost effectiveness analysis of strategies to combat HIV/AIDS in developing countries.
Article in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 82 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
82 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 253 citations in OpenAlex.
- Spending of HIV resources in Asia and Eastern Europe: systematic review reveals the need to shift funding allocations towards priority populations.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2014Pooled it
- School based sex education and HIV prevention in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2014Pooled it
- Pooled it
- HIV prevention cost-effectiveness: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2009Pooled it
- The cost effectiveness of home-based provision of antiretroviral therapy in rural Uganda.Applied health economics and health policy · 2009Trial
- HIV prevention in Mexican schools: prospective randomised evaluation of intervention.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2006Trial
- Guiding Health Resource Allocation: Using Population Net Health Benefit to Align Disease Burden with Cost Effectiveness for Informed Decision Making.Applied health economics and health policy · 2025Article
- Narrative Review on the Management of Neck of Femur Fractures in People Living with HIV: Challenges, Complications, and Long-Term Outcomes.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- A Game Theoretic Analysis of Competition Between Vaccine and Drug Companies during Disease Contraction and Recovery.Medical decision making : an international journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making · 2022Article
- High impact health service interventions for attainment of UHC in Africa: A systematic review.PLOS global public health · 2022Article
- Economic evaluation of expanding inguinal hernia repair among adult males in Ghana.PLOS global public health · 2022Article
- Progressive Realisation of Universal Health Coverage in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Beyond the "Best Buys".International journal of health policy and management · 2021Article
- Priority Setting in HIV, Tuberculosis, and Malaria - New Cost-Effectiveness Results From WHO-CHOICE.International journal of health policy and management · 2021Article
- Contextualization of cost-effectiveness evidence from literature for 382 health interventions for the Ethiopian essential health services package revision.Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E · 2021Article
- Decisions of persons, the pharmaceutical industry, and donors in disease contraction and recovery assuming virus mutation.Health economics review · 2021Article
- Challenges in ensuring global access to COVID-19 vaccines: production, affordability, allocation, and deployment.Lancet (London, England) · 2021Review
- Generalised cost-effectiveness analysis of 159 health interventions for the Ethiopian essential health service package.Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E · 2021Article
- Are health workers reduced to being drug dispensers of antiretroviral treatment? A randomized cross-sectional assessment of the quality of health care for HIV patients in northern Uganda.Health policy and planning · 2019Article
- Contribution of specific diseases and injuries to changes in health adjusted life expectancy in 187 countries from 1990 to 2013: retrospective observational study.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2019Observational
- Who to Test for Hepatitis C Virus in the Middle East and North Africa?: Pooled Analyses of 2,500 Prevalence Measures, Including 49 Million Tests.Hepatology communications · 2019Review
22 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo assess the costs and health effects of a range of interventions for preventing the spread of HIV and for treating people with HIV/AIDS in the context of the millennium development goal for combating HIV/AIDS.
designCost effectiveness analysis based on an epidemiological model.
settingAnalyses undertaken for two regions classified using the WHO epidemiological grouping-Afr-E, countries in sub-Saharan Africa with very high adult and high child mortality, and Sear-D, countries in South East Asia with high adult and high child mortality. DATA SOURCES: Biological and behavioural parameters from clinical and observational studies and population based surveys. Intervention effects and resource inputs based on published reports, expert opinion, and the WHO-CHOICE database.
main outcome measuresCosts per disability adjusted life year (DALY) averted in 2000 international dollars (Int dollars).
resultsIn both regions interventions focused on mass media, education and treatment of sexually transmitted infections for female sex workers, and treatment of sexually transmitted infections in the general population cost < Int150 dollars per DALY averted. Voluntary counselling and testing costs < Int350 dollars per DALY averted in both regions, while prevention of mother to child transmission costs < Int50 dollars per DALY averted in Afr-E but around Int850 dollars per DALY in Sear-D. School based education strategies and various antiretroviral treatment strategies cost between Int500 dollars and Int5000 dollars per DALY averted.
conclusionsReducing HIV transmission could be done most efficiently through mass media campaigns, interventions for sex workers and treatment of sexually transmitted infections where resources are most scarce. However, prevention of mother to child transmission, voluntary counselling and testing, and school based education would yield further health gains at higher budget levels and would be regarded as cost effective or highly cost effective based on standard international benchmarks. Antiretroviral therapy is at least as cost effective in improving population health as some of these interventions.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.