ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2005
Photodynamic inactivation of Bacillus spores, mediated by phenothiazinium dyes.
Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 95 citations in OpenAlex.
- Photoantimicrobials-are we afraid of the light?The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2017Review
- Bactericidal Effect of Photodynamic Therapy, Alone or in Combination with Mupirocin or Linezolid, onFrontiers in microbiology · 2017Article
- Bacterial imaging and photodynamic inactivation using zinc(II)-dipicolylamine BODIPY conjugates.Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology · 2015Article
- Susceptibility of multispecies biofilm to photodynamic therapy using Photodithazine®.Lasers in medical science · 2015Article
- Development of Photodynamic Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (PACT) for Clostridium difficile.PloS one · 2015Article
- Novel Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Photoinactivation of In Situ Oral Biofilms by Visible Light plus Water-Filtered Infrared A.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2014Article
- Streptococcus mutans photoinactivation by combination of short exposure of a broad-spectrum visible light and low concentrations of photosensitizers.Photomedicine and laser surgery · 2014Article
- A new preclinical approach for treating chronic osteomyelitis induced by Staphylococcus aureus: in vitro and in vivo study on photodynamic antimicrobial therapy (PAmT).Lasers in medical science · 2014Article
- Dual colorimetric and luminescent assay for dipicolinate, a biomarker of bacterial spores.The Analyst · 2013Article
- Can biowarfare agents be defeated with light?Virulence · 2013Review
- Sonodynamic excitation of Rose Bengal for eradication of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.BioMed research international · 2013Article
- Photodynamic therapy induces an immune response against a bacterial pathogen.Expert review of clinical immunology · 2012Review
- Isolation and characterization of novel bacterial strains exhibiting ligninolytic potential.BMC biotechnology · 2011Article
- Photodynamic therapy for infections: clinical applications.Lasers in surgery and medicine · 2011Review
- Susceptibility of Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus mutans biofilms to photodynamic inactivation: an in vitro study.Lasers in medical science · 2011Article
- Identifying experimental surrogates for Bacillus anthracis spores: a review.Investigative genetics · 2010Article
- Phage therapy and photodynamic therapy: low environmental impact approaches to inactivate microorganisms in fish farming plants.Marine drugs · 2009Review
- Inhibitors of bacterial multidrug efflux pumps potentiate antimicrobial photoinactivation.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2008Article
- Optimal photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy of infections should kill bacteria but spare neutrophils.Photochemistry and photobiologyArticle
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Spore formation is a sophisticated mechanism by which some bacteria survive conditions of stress and starvation by producing a multilayered protective capsule enclosing their condensed DNA. Spores are highly resistant to damage by heat, radiation, and commonly employed antibacterial agents. Previously, spores have also been shown to be resistant to photodynamic inactivation using dyes and light that easily destroy the corresponding vegetative bacteria. We have discovered that Bacillus spores are susceptible to photoinactivation by phenothiazinium dyes and low doses of red light. Dimethylmethylene blue, methylene blue, new methylene blue, and toluidine blue O are all effective, while alternative photosensitizers such as Rose Bengal, polylysine chlorin(e6) conjugate, a tricationic porphyrin, and a benzoporphyrin derivative, which easily kill vegetative cells, are ineffective. Spores of Bacillus cereus and B. thuringiensis are most susceptible, B. subtilis and B. atrophaeus are also killed, and B. megaterium is resistant. Photoinactivation is most effective when excess dye is washed from the spores, showing that the dye binds to the spores and that excess dye in solution can quench light delivery. The relatively mild conditions needed for spore killing could have applications for treating wounds contaminated by anthrax spores, for which conventional sporicides would have unacceptable tissue toxicity.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.