ArticleNature2005
The transcription factor Engrailed-2 guides retinal axons.
Article in Nature, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 124 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
124 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 263 citations in OpenAlex.
- Of travelling homeoproteins and medulloblastomas.Oncogene · 2025Pooled it
- Foxg1 and companions: Not only transcription factors.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- eIF4E orchestrates mRNA processing, RNA export and translation to modify specific protein production.Nucleus (Austin, Tex.) · 2024Review
- Foxg1 regulates translation of neocortical neuronal genes, including the main NMDA receptor subunit gene, Grin1.BMC biology · 2024Article
- Therapeutic value of homeoprotein signaling pathways.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Review
- ENGRAILED-1 transcription factor has a paracrine neurotrophic activity on adult spinal α-motoneurons.EMBO reports · 2023Article
- A cationic motif upstream Engrailed2 homeodomain controls cell internalization through selective interaction with heparan sulfates.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Orthodenticle homeobox 2 is transported to lysosomes by nuclear budding vesicles.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Bi-order multimodal integration of single-cell data.Genome biology · 2022Article
- Genetics of glutamate and its receptors in autism spectrum disorder.Molecular psychiatry · 2022Review
- Hypermethylation of PDX1, EN2, and MSX1 predicts the prognosis of colorectal cancer.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2022Article
- Unconventional Secretion, Gate to Homeoprotein Intercellular Transfer.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Review
- Shuttling Homeoproteins and Their Biological Significance.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2022Review
- HOX Protein Activity Regulation by Cellular Localization.Journal of developmental biology · 2021Review
- Review
- Failure to Upregulate the RNA Binding Protein ZBP After Injury Leads to Impaired Regeneration in a Rodent Model of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2021Article
- Homeoprotein transduction in neurodevelopment and physiopathology.Science advances · 2020Review
- The diversity, plasticity, and adaptability of cap-dependent translation initiation and the associated machinery.RNA biology · 2020Review
- Article
- Enhancer transcription identifiesDevelopment (Cambridge, England) · 2020Article
64 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Engrailed-2 (En-2), a homeodomain transcription factor, is expressed in a caudal-to-rostral gradient in the developing midbrain, where it has an instructive role in patterning the optic tectum--the target of topographic retinal input. In addition to its well-known role in regulating gene expression through its DNA-binding domain, En-2 may also have a role in cell-cell communication, as suggested by the presence of other domains involved in nuclear export, secretion and internalization. Consistent with this possibility, here we report that an external gradient of En-2 protein strongly repels growth cones of Xenopus axons originating from the temporal retina and, conversely, attracts nasal axons. Fluorescently tagged En-2 accumulates inside growth cones within minutes of exposure, and a mutant form of the protein that cannot enter cells fails to elicit axon turning. Once internalized, En-2 stimulates the rapid phosphorylation of proteins involved in translation initiation and triggers the local synthesis of new proteins. Furthermore, the turning responses of both nasal and temporal growth cones in the presence of En-2 are blocked by inhibitors of protein synthesis. The differential guidance of nasal and temporal axons reported here suggests that En-2 may participate directly in topographic map formation in the vertebrate visual system.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.