Trial reportObstetrics and gynecology2005
The effect of ultralow-dose transdermal estradiol on urinary incontinence in postmenopausal women.
Trial report in Obstetrics and gynecology, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Long-term hormone therapy for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Vaginal estrogen use in postmenopausal women with pelvic floor disorders: systematic review and practice guidelines.International urogynecology journal · 2015Guideline
- The 2012 hormone therapy position statement of: The North American Menopause Society.Menopause (New York, N.Y.) · 2012Guideline
- Stress incontinence.BMJ clinical evidence · 2009Pooled it
- Estrogen and progestogen use in postmenopausal women: July 2008 position statement of The North American Menopause Society.Menopause (New York, N.Y.)Guideline
- Self-reported estrogen use and newly incident urinary incontinence among postmenopausal community-dwelling women.Menopause (New York, N.Y.) · 2012Article
- Nonsurgical outpatient therapies for the management of female stress urinary incontinence: long-term effectiveness and durability.Advances in urology · 2011Article
- Hormone replacement therapy has no routine role in the management of postmenopausal voiding dysfunction.Canadian Urological Association journal = Journal de l'Association des urologues du Canada · 2009Article
- The potential of hormones and selective oestrogen receptor modulators in preventing voiding dysfunction in rats.BJU international · 2008Article
- Estrogen therapy and urinary incontinence: what is the evidence and what do we tell our patients?International urogynecology journal and pelvic floor dysfunction · 2006Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo estimate the effect of 2 years of treatment with ultralow-dose transdermal estradiol (E2) on incontinence in postmenopausal women.
methodsUltra Low Dose Transdermal estRogen Assessment (ULTRA) was a multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of unopposed ultralow-dose (0.014 mg/d) transdermal E2 for prevention of osteoporosis in 417 postmenopausal women aged 60 to 80 years. Frequency of incontinence episodes was assessed at baseline and after 4 months and 2 years of treatment using a self-reported questionnaire. We used an intention-to-treat analysis to compare change in incontinence frequency, improved (decreased 2 or more episodes per week), unchanged (increased or decreased no more than 1 episode per week), or worsened (increased 2 or more episodes per week) between the E2 and placebo groups among women with and without at least weekly incontinence at baseline.
resultsAt baseline, the prevalence of at least weekly incontinence was similar between E2 and placebo groups (43%). After 2 years, there was no difference between groups in the proportions of women with incontinence at baseline whose incontinence improved, worsened, or was unchanged. The odds ratio for worsening incontinence in the E2 compared with placebo group was 1.35 (95% confidence interval 0.75-2.42. In women without incontinence at baseline, the odds of developing at least weekly incontinence after 2 years in the E2 compared with placebo group was not significant (odds ratio 1.2, 95% confidence interval 0.7-2.2).
conclusionTwo years of treatment with unopposed ultralow-dose transdermal E2 did not substantially change the frequency of incontinence symptoms or alter the risk of developing at least weekly incontinence. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: I.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.