ArticleDiabetes2005
Glycation and carboxymethyllysine levels in skin collagen predict the risk of future 10-year progression of diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy in the diabetes control and complications trial and epidemiology of diabetes interventions and complications participants with type 1 diabetes.
Article in Diabetes, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 185 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
185 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 422 citations in OpenAlex.
- New Locus for Skin Intrinsic Fluorescence in Type 1 Diabetes Also Associated With Blood and Skin Glycated Proteins.Diabetes · 2016Pooled it
- Advanced glycation end-products regulate extracellular matrix-adipocyte metabolic crosstalk in diabetes.Scientific reports · 2019Trial
- Tocotrienol-Rich Vitamin E from Palm Oil (Tocovid) and Its Effects in Diabetes and Diabetic Nephropathy: A Pilot Phase II Clinical Trial.Nutrients · 2018Trial
- Skin collagen fluorophore LW-1 versus skin fluorescence as markers for the long-term progression of subclinical macrovascular disease in type 1 diabetes.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2016Trial
- Skin collagen advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) and the long-term progression of sub-clinical cardiovascular disease in type 1 diabetes.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2015Trial
- Vitamin D status is associated with skin autofluorescence in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a preliminary report.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2015Trial
- Trial
- Effects of prior intensive versus conventional therapy and history of glycemia on cardiac function in type 1 diabetes in the DCCT/EDIC.Diabetes · 2013Trial
- Clinical and technical factors associated with skin intrinsic fluorescence in subjects with type 1 diabetes from the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Study.Diabetes technology & therapeutics · 2013Trial
- Trial
- Prolonged effect of intensive therapy on the risk of retinopathy complications in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: 10 years after the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial.Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960) · 2008 · on this mapTrial
- Mapping ophthalmic research on glycosylation and glycation: a PRISMA-compliant bibliometric and co‑citation analysis.Future science OA · 2026Article
- Spectral characterization of advanced glycation end products in human hemoglobin, serum albumin, and erythrocytes.Biomedical optics express · 2026Article
- Phosphorylated Alpha-Synuclein and Carboxymethyllysine in the Epidermis of Type 2 Diabetes Patients: Preliminary Observations.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Metabolic Predictors and Diagnostic Performance of Fundus Autofluorescence for Diabetic Macular Edema: A Cross-Sectional Diagnostic Accuracy Study Using Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography as Reference Standard.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2026Article
- Fingertip skin autofluorescence as a non-invasive marker for vascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2025Article
- Empagliflozin ameliorates renal and metabolic derangements in obese type 2 diabetic mice by blocking advanced glycation end product-receptor axis.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- The Potential Role of Advanced Glycation End Products in the Development of Kidney Disease.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Association between the GMI/HbA1c ratio and preclinical carotid atherosclerosis in type 1 diabetes: impact of the fast-glycator phenotype across age groups.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2025Article
- Role of Advanced Glycation End Products in Mediating Glycated Haemoglobin and Pulse Wave Velocity in Healthy Adults.Biomedicines · 2025Article
125 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Several mechanistic pathways linking hyperglycemia to diabetes complications, including glycation of proteins and formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), have been proposed. We investigated the hypothesis that skin collagen glycation and AGEs predict the risk of progression of microvascular disease. We measured glycation products in the skin collagen of 211 Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) volunteers in 1992 who continued to be followed in the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications study for 10 years. We determined whether the earlier measurements of glycated collagen and AGE levels correlated with the risk of progression of retinopathy and nephropathy from the end of the DCCT to 10 years later. In multivariate analyses, the combination of furosine (glycated collagen) and carboxymethyllysine (CML) predicted the progression of retinopathy (chi2 = 59.4, P < 0.0001) and nephropathy (chi2 = 18.2, P = 0.0001), even after adjustment for mean HbA(1c) (A1C) (chi2 = 32.7, P < 0.0001 for retinopathy) and (chi2 = 12.8, P = 0.0016 for nephropathy). The predictive effect of A1C vanished after adjustment for furosine and CML (chi2 = 0.0002, P = 0.987 for retinopathy and chi2 = 0.0002, P = 0.964 for nephropathy). Furosine explained more of the variation in the 10-year progression of retinopathy and nephropathy than did CML. These results strengthen the role of glycation of proteins and AGE formation in the pathogenesis of retinopathy and nephropathy. Glycation and subsequent AGE formation may explain the risk of these complications associated with prior A1C and provide a rational basis for the phenomenon of "metabolic memory" in the pathogenesis of these diabetes complications.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.