ArticleInfection and immunity2005
Peptidoglycan of Staphylococcus aureus upregulates monocyte expression of CD14, Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), and TLR4 in human blood: possible implications for priming of lipopolysaccharide signaling.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neonatal BCG Vaccination Influences Cytokine Responses to Toll-like Receptor Ligands and Heterologous Antigens.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2018Trial
- Transferrin Is Up-Regulated by Microbes and Acts as a Negative Regulator of Immunity to Induce Intestinal Immunotolerance.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2024Article
- ROS Production by a Single Neutrophil Cell and Neutrophil Population upon Bacterial Stimulation.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- IL-32 is induced by activation of toll-like receptors in multiple myeloma cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Bacterial species-specific modulatory effects on phenotype and function of camel blood leukocytes.BMC veterinary research · 2021Article
- Article
- Variation of Circulating Inflammatory Mediators in Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli Bloodstream Infection.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2016Article
- Modeling and Hemofiltration Treatment of Acute Inflammation.Processes (Basel, Switzerland) · 2016Article
- Article
- CD14 expression is increased on monocytes in patients with anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis and correlates with the expression of ANCA autoantigens.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2015Article
- Article
- Toll-like receptor activity in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2013Article
- Positive crosstalk of MAMP signaling pathways in rice cells.PloS one · 2012Article
- Increased expression of Toll-like receptors by monocytes and natural killer cells in ANCA-associated vasculitis.PloS one · 2011Article
- Article
- Enhanced monocyte response and decreased central memory T cells in children with invasive Staphylococcus aureus infections.PloS one · 2009Article
- Translocation of bacterial NOD2 agonist and its link with inflammation.Critical care (London, England) · 2009Article
- Both TLR2 and TLR4 are required for the effective immune response in Staphylococcus aureus-induced experimental murine brain abscess.The American journal of pathology · 2008Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated that peptidoglycan (PepG) from gram-positive bacteria can exert a priming effect on the innate immune response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from gram-negative bacteria. Here, we hypothesized that this priming effect may be preceded by enhanced expression of monocyte CD14, Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), and TLR4. In an ex vivo whole human blood model, we observed a substantial synergy between LPS and PepG in the release of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) over the 24-h experimental period, whereas the effect on IL-8 and IL-10 release was more time dependent. The priming effect of PepG on cytokine release was preceded by a rapid upregulation of CD14, TLR2, and TLR4 expression on monocytes: at 3 hours there was a twofold increase in CD14 expression (P < 0.03), a fivefold increase in TLR2 expression (P < 0.03), and a twofold increase in TLR4 expression (P < 0.03). CD14 and TLR2 remained upregulated throughout the experimental period following exposure to PepG (P < 0.05). Only a transient upregulation of these monocyte receptors was observed following treatment with LPS or LPS plus PepG. In conclusion, the synergistic effect of LPS and PepG on cytokine release is preceded by a reciprocal upregulation of TLR2 and TLR4 by both bacterial cell wall components.
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