ArticleInfection and immunity2005
Comparison of immune responses to gonococcal PorB delivered as outer membrane vesicles, recombinant protein, or Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus replicon particles.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07758972 (A First in Human Phase I Randomized and Controlled Trial to Test Safety and Immunogenicity of a Multivalent Vaccine Against Neisseria Gonorrhoeae), which is not on this map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A First in Human Phase I Randomized and Controlled Trial to Test Safety and Immunogenicity of a Multivalent Vaccine Against Neisseria Gonorrhoeae
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparable immunogenicity from murine blood collection methods in intranasal gonococcal vaccination with ACP and MtrE supports refinement of preclinical vaccine studies.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Gonococcal outer membrane vesicle vaccines: bacterial population biology, clinical trials, immune profiling, and vaccine design.NPJ vaccines · 2026Review
- Protection againstFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Tackling immunosuppression by Neisseria gonorrhoeae to facilitate vaccine design.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Addressing Sexually Transmitted Infections Due toMicroorganisms · 2024Review
- Review
- Sweet complexity:Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- Development of a Tag/Catcher-mediated capsid virus-like particle vaccine presenting the conservedInfection and immunity · 2023Article
- Vertebrate and Invertebrate Animal and New In Vitro Models for StudyingPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Assessment of In Vitro Immunostimulatory Activity of an Adjuvanted Whole-Cell InactivatedVaccines · 2022Article
- Recent Progress Towards a Gonococcal Vaccine.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- A novel gonorrhea vaccine composed of MetQ lipoprotein formulated with CpG shortens experimental murine infection.Vaccine · 2020Article
- Targeting Lipooligosaccharide (LOS) for a Gonococcal Vaccine.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Exploitation ofFrontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Structure-based design of chimeric antigens for multivalent protein vaccines.Nature communications · 2018Article
- Tiny RNAs and their voyage via extracellular vesicles: Secretion of bacterial small RNA and eukaryotic microRNA.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2017Review
- Gonorrhea - an evolving disease of the new millennium.Microbial cell (Graz, Austria) · 2016Review
- Oral Immunization of Rabbits with S. enterica Typhimurium Expressing Neisseria gonorrhoeae Filamentous Phage Φ6 Induces Bactericidal Antibodies Against N. gonorrhoeae.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- Enhancement of protein expression by alphavirus replicons by designing self-replicating subgenomic RNAs.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2014Article
- Saturating mutagenesis of an essential gene: a majority of the Neisseria gonorrhoeae major outer membrane porin (PorB) is mutable.Journal of bacteriology · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Porin (PorB) is a major outer membrane protein produced by all Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains and has been a focus of intense interest as a vaccine candidate. In this study, the immunogenicity of PorB in mice was investigated after several immunization regimens. Outer membrane vesicles (OMV), recombinant renatured PorB (rrPorB), and PorB-expressing Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus replicon particles (PorB VRP) were delivered intranasally (i.n.) or subcutaneously (s.c.) into the dorsal area or the hind footpad in three-dose schedules; the PorB VRP-immunized mice were given a single additional booster dose of rrPorB in Ribi adjuvant. Different delivery systems and administration routes induced different immune responses. Mice immunized s.c. with rrPorB in Ribi had the highest levels of PorB-specific serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Surprisingly, there was an apparent Th1 bias, based on IgG1/IgG2a ratios, after immunization with rrPorB in Ribi in the footpad while the same vaccine given in the dorsal area gave a strongly Th2-biased response. PorB VRP-immunized mice produced a consistent Th1 response with a high gamma interferon response in stimulated splenic lymphocytes and very low IgG1/IgG2a ratios. Immunization by OMV delivered i.n. was the only regimen that resulted in a serum bactericidal response, and it generated an excellent mucosal IgA response. Serum from mice immunized with rrPorB preferentially recognized the surface of whole gonococci expressing a homologous PorB, whereas serum from PorB VRP-immunized mice had relatively low whole-cell binding activity but recognized both heterologous and homologous PorB equally. The data resulting from this direct comparison suggested that important aspects of the immune response can be manipulated by altering the form of the antigen and its delivery. This information coupled with an understanding of protective antigonococcal immune responses will enable the design of the optimal vaccine for N. gonorrhoeae.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.