ArticleInfection and immunity2005
Merozoite surface antigen 2 proteins of Babesia bovis vaccine breakthrough isolates contain a unique hypervariable region composed of degenerate repeats.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Erythrocyte Adhesion of Merozoite Surface Antigen 2c1 Expressed During Extracellular Stages ofFrontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Assessing the Immunochromatographic Test Strip for Serological Detection of Bovine Babesiosis in Uganda.Microorganisms · 2020Article
- Genetic Diversity ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Interplay between Attenuation- and Virulence-Factors ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Review
- Genetic diversity of Babesia bovis in beef cattle in a large wetland in Brazil.Parasitology research · 2019Article
- Unravelling the cellular and molecular pathogenesis of bovine babesiosis: is the sky the limit?International journal for parasitology · 2019Review
- Serological and molecular surveys of Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina among native cattle and cattle imported from Thailand in Hue, Vietnam.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2018Article
- In silico and phylogenetic analyses of partial BbRAP-1, BbCP2, BbSBP-4 and BbβTUB gene sequences of Babesia bovis isolates from cattle in South Africa.BMC veterinary research · 2017Article
- Molecular identification and antigenic characterization of a merozoite surface antigen and a secreted antigen of Babesia canis (BcMSA1 and BcSA1).Parasites & vectors · 2016Article
- Expression, Purification, and Biological Characterization of Babesia microti Apical Membrane Antigen 1.Infection and immunity · 2015Article
- Targeted surface expression of an exogenous antigen in stably transfected Babesia bovis.PloS one · 2014Article
- PCR detection and genetic diversity of bovine hemoprotozoan parasites in Vietnam.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2013Article
- The genetic diversity of merozoite surface antigen 1 (MSA-1) among Babesia bovis detected from cattle populations in Thailand, Brazil and Ghana.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2013Article
- Evolution of the hepatitis E virus hypervariable region.The Journal of general virology · 2012Article
- Expression and strain variation of the novel "small open reading frame" (smorf) multigene family in Babesia bovis.International journal for parasitology · 2012Article
- Genotypic diversity of merozoite surface antigen 1 of Babesia bovis within an endemic population.Molecular and biochemical parasitology · 2010Article
- Arboprotozoae.Transfusion medicine and hemotherapy : offizielles Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Transfusionsmedizin und Immunhamatologie · 2009Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The merozoite surface antigen 2 (MSA-2) proteins of Babesia bovis are members of the variable merozoite surface antigen (VMSA) family that have been implicated in erythrocyte invasion and are important targets for antibody-mediated blocking of invasion. Extensive sequence variation in another VMSA member, MSA-1, has been shown in all vaccine breakthrough isolates. To test the hypothesis that the msa-2 genes of vaccine breakthrough isolates would also encode a diverse set of proteins, the complete msa-2 locus was characterized from 12 Australian B. bovis strains and isolates, including two vaccine strains and eight vaccine breakthrough isolates, and compared to the loci in previously and newly characterized American strains. In contrast to American strains, the msa-2 loci of all Australian strains and isolates examined contain, in addition to msa-2c, only a solitary gene (designated msa-2a/b) closely related to American strain msa-2a and msa-2b. Nevertheless, the proteins encoded by these genes are quite diverse both between and within geographic regions and harbor evidence of genetic exchange among other VMSA family members, including msa-1. Moreover, all but one of the Australian breakthrough isolate MSA-2a/b proteins is markedly different from the vaccine strain from which immune escape occurred, consistent with their role in strain-specific protective immunity. The densest distribution of polymorphisms occurs in a hypervariable region (HVR) within the carboxy third of the molecule that is highly proline rich. Variation in length and content of the HVR is primarily attributable to differences in the order and number of degenerate nucleotide repeats encoding three motifs of unknown function.
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