Trial reportPLoS medicine2005
Vaccination with recombinant aspartic hemoglobinase reduces parasite load and blood loss after hookworm infection in dogs.
Trial report in PLoS medicine, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 133 citations in OpenAlex.
- Protective immune response in rainbow trout (Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Yeast vaccine production platform for human and animal infectious diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Article
- Oral Peptide Vaccine against Hookworm Infection: Correlation of Antibody Titers with Protective Efficacy.Vaccines · 2021Article
- Comprehensive analysis of the secreted proteome of adult Necator americanus hookworms.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2020Article
- Twenty-five-year research progress in hookworm excretory/secretory products.Parasites & vectors · 2020Review
- Soil-Transmitted Helminth Vaccines: Are We Getting Closer?Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- A highly expressed intestinal cysteine protease of Ancylostoma ceylanicum protects vaccinated hamsters from hookworm infection.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2019Article
- Characterization of AiiK, an AHL lactonase, from Kurthia huakui LAM0618Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Recombinant subunit vaccines for soil-transmitted helminths.Parasitology · 2017Review
- Safety and immunogenicity of the Na-GST-1 hookworm vaccine in Brazilian and American adults.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2017Article
- The hookworm Ancylostoma ceylanicum intestinal transcriptome provides a platform for selecting drug and vaccine candidates.Parasites & vectors · 2016Article
- Changes in biochemical analytes in female dogs with subclinical Ancylostoma spp. infection.BMC veterinary research · 2016Article
- The human hookworm vaccine: recent updates and prospects for success.Journal of helminthology · 2015Article
- New tools for NTD vaccines: A case study of quality control assays for product development of the human hookworm vaccine Na-APR-1M74.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2015Article
- Expression, purification, and characterization of the Necator americanus aspartic protease-1 (Na-APR-1 (M74)) antigen, a component of the bivalent human hookworm vaccine.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2015Article
- Lipid core peptide targeting the cathepsin D hemoglobinase of Schistosoma mansoni as a component of a schistosomiasis vaccine.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2014Article
- An aspartic protease of the scabies mite Sarcoptes scabiei is involved in the digestion of host skin and blood macromolecules.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2013Article
- The genome and transcriptome of Haemonchus contortus, a key model parasite for drug and vaccine discovery.Genome biology · 2013Article
- Evaluation of parasitological and immunological aspects of acute infection by Ancylostoma caninum and Ancylostoma braziliense in mixed-breed dogs.Parasitology research · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHookworms infect 730 million people in developing countries where they are a leading cause of intestinal blood loss and iron-deficiency anemia. At the site of attachment to the host, adult hookworms ingest blood and lyse the erythrocytes to release hemoglobin. The parasites subsequently digest hemoglobin in their intestines using a cascade of proteolysis that begins with the Ancylostoma caninum aspartic protease 1, APR-1. METHODS AND
findingsWe show that vaccination of dogs with recombinant Ac-APR-1 induced antibody and cellular responses and resulted in significantly reduced hookworm burdens (p = 0.056) and fecal egg counts (p = 0.018) in vaccinated dogs compared to control dogs after challenge with infective larvae of A. caninum. Most importantly, vaccinated dogs were protected against blood loss (p = 0.049) and most did not develop anemia, the major pathologic sequela of hookworm disease. IgG from vaccinated animals decreased the catalytic activity of the recombinant enzyme in vitro and the antibody bound in situ to the intestines of worms recovered from vaccinated dogs, implying that the vaccine interferes with the parasite's ability to digest blood.
conclusionTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a recombinant vaccine from a hematophagous parasite that significantly reduces both parasite load and blood loss, and it supports the development of APR-1 as a human hookworm vaccine.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.