ReviewClinical pharmacokinetics2005
Clinical pharmacokinetics of cyclophosphamide.
Review in Clinical pharmacokinetics, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 174 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
174 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 448 citations in OpenAlex.
- Consecutive PRES and diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in a patient with active lupus nephritis and antiphospholipid antibodies: a case report and systematic literature review.BMC nephrology · 2026Pooled it
- Combined glucocorticoids and cyclophosphamide in the treatment of Graves' ophthalmopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC endocrine disorders · 2024Pooled it
- Systematic review of genotoxicity induced by occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs.Archives of toxicology · 2023Pooled it
- Lymphodepleting chemotherapy practices and effect on safety and efficacy outcomes in patients with solid tumours undergoing T cell receptor-engineered T cell (TCR-T) Therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2023Pooled it
- Chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the hemodialysis patient: A comprehensive review.Cancer science · 2021Pooled it
- The multifactorial origin of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in cyclophosphamide-treated lupus patients.Rheumatology international · 2017Pooled it
- Intermediate-dose posttransplantation cyclophosphamide for myeloablative HLA-haploidentical bone marrow transplantation.Blood advances · 2025Trial
- Cyclophosphamide bioactivation pharmacogenetics in breast cancer patients.Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology · 2021Trial
- Exposure-Toxicity Association of Cyclophosphamide and Its Metabolites in Infants and Young Children with Primary Brain Tumors: Implications for Dosing.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2020Trial
- Mucin 1-specific active cancer immunotherapy with tecemotide (L-BLP25) in patients with multiple myeloma: an exploratory study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2014Trial
- A pilot pharmacologic biomarker study in HLA-haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplant recipients.Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology · 2013Trial
- Fluconazole coadministration concurrent with cyclophosphamide conditioning may reduce regimen-related toxicity postmyeloablative hematopoietic cell transplantation.Biology of blood and marrow transplantation : journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation · 2007Trial
- Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide in breast cancer patients: a study by the EORTC-PAMM-NDDG.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2007Trial
- Population pharmacokinetics of the BEACOPP polychemotherapy regimen in Hodgkin's lymphoma and its effect on myelotoxicity.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2007Trial
- High exposures to bioactivated cyclophosphamide are related to the occurrence of veno-occlusive disease of the liver following high-dose chemotherapy.British journal of cancer · 2006Trial
- Effects of gallic acid on cyclophosphamide-induced experimental ovarian injury in rats.BMC women's health · 2026Article
- The Immunomodulatory Effects of Porcupine Bezoar on Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression in Rats.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Multi-dimensional immunoprotection of Ganoderma lucidum spore oil in immunosuppressed mice via microbiome-proteome-metabolome network analysis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Polysaccharide fromFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Elucidating the Role of Neutrophils in the Inflammatory Response to Behcet Syndrome.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Review
114 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide is an extensively used anticancer and immunosuppressive agent. It is a prodrug undergoing a complicated process of metabolic activation and inactivation. Technical difficulties in the accurate determination of the cyclophosphamide metabolites have long hampered the assessment of the clinical pharmacology of this drug. As these techniques are becoming increasingly available, adequate description of the pharmacokinetics of cyclophosphamide and its metabolites has become possible. There is incomplete understanding on the role of cyclophosphamide metabolites in the efficacy and toxicity of cyclophosphamide therapy. However, relationships between toxicity (cardiotoxicity, veno-occlusive disease) and exposure to cyclophosphamide and its metabolites have been established. Variations in the balance between metabolic activation and inactivation of cyclophosphamide owing to autoinduction, dose escalation, drug-drug interactions and individual differences have been reported, suggesting possibilities for optimisation of cyclophosphamide therapy. Knowledge of the pharmacokinetics of cyclophosphamide, and possibly monitoring the pharmacokinetics of cyclophosphamide in individuals, may be useful for improving its therapeutic index.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.