ArticleBMJ (Clinical research ed.)2005
Legislation for smoke-free workplaces and health of bar workers in Ireland: before and after study.
Article in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 69 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 235 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluation of Population-Level Tobacco Control Interventions and Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JAMA network open · 2023Pooled it
- Smokefree legislation effects on respiratory and sensory disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2017Pooled it
- Legislative smoking bans for reducing harms from secondhand smoke exposure, smoking prevalence and tobacco consumption.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2016Pooled it
- Smoking ban and small-for-gestational age births in Ireland.PloS one · 2013Trial
- Comparative analysis of global and Chinese trends in the burden of ischemic stroke attributable to secondhand smoke from 1990-2021.Tobacco induced diseases · 2025Article
- Smoke-free law compliance and predictive factors in Ethiopia: observational assessment of public places and workplaces.Tobacco control · 2024Observational
- The Irish Smoking Ban Legislation, Astride the Celtic Tiger, Trail-Blazed a Can-Do Tobacco Control Culture.Tobacco use insights · 2024Article
- The Economics of Tobacco Regulation: A Comprehensive Review.Journal of economic literature · 2022Article
- Higher blood cotinine level is associated with worse cognitive functioning in non-smoking older adults.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
- Readiness for implementation of smoke-free work hours in private companies: A qualitative study of perceptions among middle managers.Tobacco prevention & cessation · 2021Article
- Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) among Employees of Hospitality Venues in the Light of Changes in Anti-Tobacco Legislation in Poland.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Comprehensive Smoke-Free Legislation in Indoor Public Places in Shanghai, China.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- Implementing a tobacco-free hospital campus in Ireland: lessons learned.Irish journal of medical science · 2018Article
- Article
- Changes in hospitalizations for chronic respiratory diseases after two successive smoking bans in Spain.PloS one · 2017Article
- Article
- Consumer willingness to invest money and time for benefits of lifestyle behaviour change: an application of the contingent valuation method.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2015Article
- Comprehensive US Statewide Smoke-Free Indoor Air Legislation and Secondhand Smoke Exposure, Asthma Prevalence, and Related Doctor Visits: 2007-2011.American journal of public health · 2015Article
- Association between tobacco and alcohol use among young adult bar patrons: a cross-sectional study in three cities.BMC public health · 2014Article
- Effects of tobacco smoke exposure in childhood on atopic diseases.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2013Review
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
13 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo compare exposure to secondhand smoke and respiratory health in bar staff in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland before and after the introduction of legislation for smoke-free workplaces in the Republic.
designComparisons before and after the legislation in intervention and control regions.
settingPublic houses in three areas in the Republic (intervention) and one area in Northern Ireland (control).
participants329 bar staff enrolled in baseline survey; 249 (76%) followed up one year later. Of these, 158 were non-smokers both at baseline and follow-up.
main outcome measuresSalivary cotinine concentration, self reported exposure to secondhand smoke, and respiratory and sensory irritation symptoms.
resultsIn bar staff in the Republic who did not themselves smoke, salivary cotinine concentrations dropped by 80% after the smoke-free law (from median 29.0 nmol/l (95% confidence interval 18.2 to 43.2 nmol/l)) to 5.1 nmol/l (2.8 to 13.1 nmol/l) in contrast with a 20% decline in Northern Ireland over the same period (from median 25.3 nmol/l (10.4 to 59.2 nmol/l) to 20.4 nmol/l (13.2 to 33.8 nmol/l)). Changes in self reported exposure to secondhand smoke were consistent with the changes in cotinine concentrations. Reporting any respiratory symptom declined significantly in the Republic (down 16.7%, -26.1% to -7.3%) but not in Northern Ireland (0% difference, -32.7% to 32.7%). After adjustment for confounding, respiratory symptoms declined significantly more in the Republic than in Northern Ireland and the decline in cotinine concentration was twice as great.
conclusionThe smoke-free law in the Republic of Ireland protects non-smoking bar workers from exposure to secondhand smoke.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.