ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2005
Evolutionary conservation and diversification of Rh family genes and proteins.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.
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Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 143 citations in OpenAlex.
- RHCG inhibition promotes the sensitivity of PIK3CA-mutant non-small lung cancer to PI3K inhibitor.Histology and histopathology · 2026Article
- Optimizing nitrogen use efficiency in forest plantations: mechanistic insights fromForestry research · 2025Review
- How sensor Amt-like proteins integrate ammonium signals.Science advances · 2024Article
- Biological ammonium transporters from the Amt/Mep/Rh superfamily: mechanism, energetics, and technical limitations.Bioscience reports · 2024Review
- Prokaryotic ammonium transporters: what has three decades of research revealed?Microbiology (Reading, England) · 2023Article
- Expression and Functional Analysis ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Article
- A Rhesus channel in the coral symbiosome membrane suggests a novel mechanism to regulate NHScience advances · 2022Article
- Mechanisms of NaFrontiers in physiology · 2022Review
- Article
- Transcriptomic analyses highlight the likely metabolic consequences of colonization of a cnidarian host by native or non-nativeBiology open · 2019Article
- The lipid environment determines the activity of the Escherichia coli ammonium transporter AmtB.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2019Article
- RHCG Suppresses Tumorigenicity and Metastasis in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma via Inhibiting NF-κB Signaling and MMP1 Expression.Theranostics · 2018Article
- Molecular characterization of two Rhesus glycoproteins from the euryhaline freshwater white-rimmed stingray, Himantura signifer, and changes in their transcript levels and protein abundance in the gills, kidney, and liver during brackish water acclimation.Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology · 2017Article
- Heads you gain, tails you lose.American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology · 2017Article
- Article
- Evolution of Electrogenic Ammonium Transporters (AMTs).Frontiers in plant science · 2016Article
- Ammonia as a Potential Neurotoxic Factor in Alzheimer's Disease.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2016Review
- Mechanism of ammonia excretion in the freshwater leech Nephelopsis obscura: characterization of a primitive Rh protein and effects of high environmental ammonia.American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology · 2015Article
- Identification of a Novel Regulatory Mechanism of Nutrient Transport Controlled by TORC1-Npr1-Amu1/Par32.PLoS genetics · 2015Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Rhesus (Rh) proteins were first identified in human erythroid cells and recently in other tissues. Like ammonia transporter (Amt) proteins, their only homologues, Rh proteins have the 12 transmembrane-spanning segments characteristic of transporters. Many think Rh and Amt proteins transport the same substrate, NH(3)/NH(4)(+), whereas others think that Rh proteins transport CO(2) and Amt proteins NH(3). In the latter view, Rh and Amt are different biological gas channels. To reconstruct the phylogeny of the Rh family and study its coexistence with and relationship to Amt in depth, we analyzed 111 Rh genes and 260 Amt genes. Although Rh and Amt are found together in organisms as diverse as unicellular eukaryotes and sea squirts, Rh genes apparently arose later, because they are rare in prokaryotes. However, Rh genes are prominent in vertebrates, in which Amt genes disappear. In organisms with both types of genes, Rh had apparently diverged away from Amt rapidly and then evolved slowly over a long period. Functionally divergent amino acid sites are clustered in transmembrane segments and around the gas-conducting lumen recently identified in Escherichia coli AmtB, in agreement with Rh proteins having new substrate specificity. Despite gene duplications and mutations, the Rh paralogous groups all have apparently been subject to strong purifying selection indicating functional conservation. Genes encoding the classical Rh proteins in mammalian red cells show higher nucleotide substitution rates at nonsynonymous codon positions than other Rh genes, a finding that suggests a possible role for these proteins in red cell morphogenetic evolution.
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