ArticleJournal of virology2005
In nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells, Epstein-Barr virus LMP1 interacts with galectin 9 in membrane raft elements resistant to simvastatin.
Article in Journal of virology, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- In vitro Anti-Tumor Effects of Statins on Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review.PloS one · 2015Pooled it
- Single-cell sequencing reveals an immunotherapy-relevant IFITM1-marked epithelial interferon state in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Translational oncology · 2026Article
- Mechanisms and therapeutic implications of galectins regulating Epstein-Barr virus infection.Virus research · 2026Review
- Multifaceted roles of Galectins: from carbohydrate binding to targeted cancer therapy.Biomarker research · 2025Review
- Cell-associated galectin 9 interacts with cytotoxic T cells confers resistance to tumor killing in nasopharyngeal carcinoma through autophagy activation.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2025Article
- Galectin-9 - ligand axis: an emerging therapeutic target for multiple myeloma.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Extracellular vesicles derived from nasopharyngeal carcinoma induce the emergence of mature regulatory dendritic cells using a galectin-9 dependent mechanism.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2023Article
- Galectin-9 Facilitates Epstein-Barr Virus Latent Infection and Lymphomagenesis in Human B Cells.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
- Secreted filarial nematode galectins modulate host immune cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- EBV+ tumors exploit tumor cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic mechanisms to produce regulatory T cell-recruiting chemokines CCL17 and CCL22.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- The Role of EBV-Encoded LMP1 in the NPC Tumor Microenvironment: From Function to Therapy.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Review
- Galectin-9 promotes a suppressive microenvironment in human cancer by enhancing STING degradation.Oncogenesis · 2020Article
- Utilization of Galectins by Pathogens for Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Restriction of Human Cytomegalovirus Infection by Galectin-9.Journal of virology · 2019Article
- The Epstein-Barr virus LMP1 interactome: biological implications and therapeutic targets.Future virology · 2018Article
- Exosomes and Immune Response in Cancer: Friends or Foes?Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- The immunologic advantage of recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma from the viewpoint of Galectin-9/Tim-3-related changes in the tumour microenvironment.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Modeling nasopharyngeal carcinoma in three dimensions.Oncology letters · 2017Article
- Galectin-9: From cell biology to complex disease dynamics.Journal of biosciences · 2016Review
- Cooperative Interactions of Oligosaccharide and Peptide Moieties of a Glycopeptide Derived from IgE with Galectin-9.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPC) are etiologically related to the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and malignant NPC cells have consistent although heterogeneous expression of the EBV latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1). LMP1 trafficking and signaling require its incorporation into membrane rafts. Conversely, raft environment is likely to modulate LMP1 activity. In order to investigate NPC-specific raft partners of LMP1, rafts derived from the C15 NPC xenograft were submitted to preparative immunoprecipitation of LMP1 combined with mass spectrometry analysis of coimmunoprecipitated proteins. Through this procedure, galectin 9, a beta-galactoside binding lectin and Hodgkin tumor antigen, was identified as a novel LMP1 partner. LMP1 interaction with galectin 9 was confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation and Western blotting in whole-cell extracts of NPC and EBV-transformed B cells (lymphoblastoid cell lines [LCLs]). Using mutant proteins expressed in HeLa cells, LMP1 was shown to bind galectin 9 in a TRAF3-independent manner. Galectin 9 is abundant in NPC biopsies as well as in LCLs, whereas it is absent in Burkitt lymphoma cells. In subsequent experiments, NPC cells were treated with Simvastatin, a drug reported to dissociate LMP1 from membrane rafts in EBV-transformed B cells. We found no significant effects of Simvastatin on the distribution of LMP1 and galectin 9 in NPC cell rafts. However, Simvastatin was highly cytotoxic for NPC cells, regardless of the presence or absence of LMP1. This suggests that Simvastatin is a potentially useful agent for the treatment of NPCs although it has distinct mechanisms of action in NPC and LCL cells.
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