ArticleThe Journal of comparative neurology2005
Coexpression of cholinergic and noradrenergic phenotypes in human and nonhuman autonomic nervous system.
Article in The Journal of comparative neurology, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed.
- Feasibility of monitoring stress using skin conduction measurements during intubation of newborns.European journal of pediatrics · 2016Trial
- Different cholinesterase inhibitor effects on CSF cholinesterases in Alzheimer patients.Current Alzheimer research · 2009Trial
- BDNF/TrkB Signaling in Intracardiac Ganglia Modulates Cardiac Parasympathetic Tone.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Cold-induced vasodilation: A meta-analysis.Temperature (Austin, Tex.) · 2026Review
- Mapping the hepatic neural niche: from three-dimensional innervation architecture to periportal interoception and human translation.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Review
- Comparative specialization of intrinsic cardiac neurons in humans, mice and pigs.The Journal of physiology · 2025Article
- Electrophysiology and 3D-imaging reveal properties of human intracardiac neurons and increased excitability with atrial fibrillation.The Journal of physiology · 2025Article
- Human and rat ex vivo sweat glands for the observation of acetylcholine induced intracellular calcium signalling.PloS one · 2025Article
- Comparative specialization of intrinsic cardiac neurons in humans, mice, and pigs.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- A century of exercise physiology: concepts that ignited the study of human thermoregulation. Part 3: Heat and cold tolerance during exercise.European journal of applied physiology · 2024Review
- Desensitizing the autonomic nervous system to mitigate anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody side effects.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
- Vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT) regional expression and roles in pathological conditions.Heliyon · 2023Review
- Neurochemical alterations of intrinsic cardiac ganglionated nerve plexus caused by arterial hypertension developed during ageing in spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar Kyoto rats.Journal of anatomy · 2023Article
- Vagally-mediated heart block after myocardial infarction associated with plasticity of epicardial neurons controlling the atrioventricular node.Frontiers in synaptic neuroscience · 2022Article
- Correlation of neurological level and sweating level of injury in persons with spinal cord injury.The journal of spinal cord medicine · 2021Observational
- A single cell transcriptomics map of paracrine networks in the intrinsic cardiac nervous system.iScience · 2021Article
- Cholinergic- rather than adrenergic-induced sweating play a role in developing and developed rat eccrine sweat glands.Experimental animals · 2021Article
- Asymmetry and Heterogeneity: Part and Parcel in Cardiac Autonomic Innervation and Function.Frontiers in physiology · 2021Review
- Distribution pattern and molecular signature of cholinergic tuft cells in human gastro-intestinal and pancreatic-biliary tract.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- The autonomic innervation of hairy skin in humans: an in vivo confocal study.Scientific reports · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
It has long been known that the sympathetic innervation of the sweat glands is cholinergic in most mammalian species and that, during development, rodent sympathetic cholinergic sweat gland innervation transiently expresses noradrenergic traits. We show here that some noradrenergic traits persist in cholinergic sympathetic innervation of the sweat glands in rodents but that lack of expression of the vesicular monoamine transporter renders these cells functionally nonnoradrenergic. Adult human sweat gland innervation, however, is not only cholinergic but coexpresses all of the proteins required for full noradrenergic function as well, including tyrosine hydroxylase, aromatic amino acid decarboxylase, dopamine beta-hydroxylase, and the vesicular monoamine transporter VMAT2. Thus, cholinergic/noradrenergic cotransmission is apparently a unique feature of the primate autonomic sympathetic nervous system. Furthermore, sympathetic neurons innervating specifically the cutaneous arteriovenous anastomoses (Hoyer-Grosser organs) in humans also possess a full cholinergic/noradrenergic cophenotype. Cholinergic/noradrenergic coexpression is absent from other portions of the human sympathetic nervous system but is extended in the parasympathetic nervous system to intrinsic neurons innervating the heart. These observations suggest a mode of autonomic regulation, based on corelease of norepinephrine and acetylcholine at parasympathocardiac, sudomotor, and selected vasomotor neuroeffector junctions, that is unique to the primate peripheral nervous system.
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