ArticleJournal of neuroscience research2005
Human and mouse microglia express connexin36, and functional gap junctions are formed between rodent microglia and neurons.
Article in Journal of neuroscience research, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers.
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Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 105 citations in OpenAlex.
- Connexin-Pannexin duality in glioblastoma.Cell and tissue research · 2026Review
- The Double-Edged Effect of Connexins and Pannexins of Glial Cells in Central and Peripheral Nervous System After Nerve Injury.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- The structure, function, and distribution of gap junctions in the retina: Life cycle in health and disease.Journal of cell communication and signaling · 2025Review
- Research progress of connexins in epileptogensis.Acta epileptologica · 2025Review
- Gap junction intercellular communications regulates activation of SARM1 and protects against axonal degeneration.Cell death & disease · 2025Article
- Neuroprotection of Retinal Ganglion Cells Suppresses Microglia Activation in a Mouse Model of Glaucoma.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
- Appraising the Role of Astrocytes as Suppliers of Neuronal Glutathione Precursors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Gap Junctions and Connexins in Microglia-Related Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation: Perspectives for Drug Discovery.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- GJA1/CX43 High Expression Levels in the Cervical Spinal Cord of ALS Patients Correlate to Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammatory Profile.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- Inhibition of Connexin 36 attenuates HMGB1-mediated depressive-like behaviors induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress.Brain and behavior · 2022Article
- Electroimmunology and cardiac arrhythmia.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2021Review
- The Roles of Calmodulin and CaMKII in Cx36 Plasticity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Brain Disorders and Chemical Pollutants: A Gap Junction Link?Biomolecules · 2020Review
- Potential of activated microglia as a source of dysregulated extracellular microRNAs contributing to neurodegeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2020Review
- Role of Connexins 30, 36, and 43 in Brain Tumors, Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Neuroprotection.Cells · 2020Review
- Molecular Mechanisms of Glial Cells Related Signaling Pathways Involved in the Neuroinflammatory Response of Depression.Mediators of inflammation · 2020Review
- The Multifaceted Role of Astrocyte Connexin 43 in Ischemic Stroke Through Forming Hemichannels and Gap Junctions.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Review
- Connexins-Based Hemichannels/Channels and Their Relationship with Inflammation, Seizures and Epilepsy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Review
- Connexins and Disease.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology · 2018Review
- The role of connexin and pannexin containing channels in the innate and acquired immune response.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Biomembranes · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Microglia, the tissue macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS), intimately interact with neurons physically and through soluble factors that can affect microglial activation state and neuronal survival and physiology. We report here a new mechanism of interaction between these cells, provided by the formation of gap junctions composed of connexin (Cx) 36. Among eight Cxs tested, expression of Cx36 mRNA and protein was found in microglial cultures prepared from human and mouse, and Cx45 mRNA was found in mouse microglial cultures. Electrophysiological measurements found coupling between one-third of human or mouse microglial pairs that averaged below 30 pico-Siemens and displayed electrical properties consistent with Cx36 gap junctions. Importantly, similar frequency of low-strength electrical coupling was also obtained between microglia and neurons in cocultures prepared from neocortical or hippocampal rodent tissue. Lucifer yellow dye coupling between neurons and microglia was observed in 4% of pairs tested, consistent with the low strength and incidence of electrical coupling. Cx36 expression level and/or the degree of coupling between microglia did not significantly change in the presence of activating agents, including lipopolysaccharide, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interferon-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, except for some reduction of Cx36 protein when exposed to the latter two agents. Our findings that intercellular coupling occurs between neuronal and microglial populations through Cx36 gap junctions have potentially important implications for normal neural physiology and microglial responses in neuronopathology in the mammalian CNS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.