ArticleJournal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany)2005
Gene expression studies in prostate cancer tissue: which reference gene should be selected for normalization?
Article in Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany), 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 106 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
106 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 218 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transcriptomic analysis of castration, chemo-resistant and metastatic prostate cancer elucidates complex genetic crosstalk leading to disease progression.Functional & integrative genomics · 2021Pooled it
- Determination of the most suitable reference gene for transcription analysis of synovial tissue from osteoarthritis patients.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The diagnostic and prognostic value ofBioImpacts : BI · 2025Article
- Normalizing real-time PCR results in routine testing.Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc · 2024Article
- Identification and Validation of Common Reference Genes for Normalization of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Gene Expression Profiles.BioMed research international · 2022Article
- Identification of optimal reference genes for gene expression normalization in human osteosarcoma cell lines under proliferative conditions.Frontiers in genetics · 2022Article
- A pan-cancer analysis of the prognostic and immunological role of β-actin (ACTB) in human cancers.Bioengineered · 2021Article
- Unbiased RNA-Seq-driven identification and validation of reference genes for quantitative RT-PCR analyses of pooled cancer exosomes.BMC genomics · 2021Article
- Immune-focused multi-omics analysis of prostate cancer: leukocyte Ig-Like receptors are associated with disease progression.Oncoimmunology · 2020Article
- Article
- Circular RNAs and Their Linear Transcripts as Diagnostic and Prognostic Tissue Biomarkers in Prostate Cancer after Prostatectomy in Combination with Clinicopathological Factors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- hPCL3S promotes proliferation and migration of androgen-independent prostate cancer cells.Oncotarget · 2020Article
- Article
- Identification of a Transcriptomic Prognostic Signature by Machine Learning Using a Combination of Small Cohorts of Prostate Cancer.Frontiers in genetics · 2020Article
- Article
- The role and robustness of the Gini coefficient as an unbiased tool for the selection of Gini genes for normalising expression profiling data.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Validation of Reference Genes for Normalization of Relative qRT-PCR Studies in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Conventionally used reference genes are not outstanding for normalization of gene expression in human cancer research.BMC bioinformatics · 2019Article
- What's the norm in normalization? A frightening note on the use of RT-qPCR in the livestock science.Gene · 2019Article
- Article
46 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), reference genes are utilized as endogenous controls for relative quantification of target genes in gene profiling studies. The suitability of housekeeping genes for that purpose in prostate cancer tissue has not been sufficiently investigated so far. The objective of this study was to select from a panel of 16 potential candidate reference genes the most stable genes for gene normalization. Expression of mRNA encoding ACTB, ALAS1, ALB, B2M, G6PD, GAPD, HMBS, HPRT1, K-ALPHA-1, POLR2A, PPIA, RPL13A, SDHA, TBP, UBC, and YWHAZ was examined in matched, microdissected malignant and nonmalignant tissue specimens obtained from 17 nontreated prostate carcinomas after radical prostatectomy by real-time RT-PCR. The genes studied displayed a wide expression range with cycle threshold values between 16 and 37. The expression was not different between samples from pT2 and pT3 tumors or between samples with Gleason scores <7 and >or=7 (P>0.05). ACTB, RPL13A, and HMBS showed significant differences (P<0.02 at least) in expressions between malignant and nonmalignant pairs. All other genes did not differ between the matched pairs, and the software programs geNorm and NormFinder were used to ascertain the most suitable reference genes from these candidates. HPRT1, ALAS1, and K-ALPHA-1 were calculated by both programs to be the most stable genes covering a broad range of expression. The expression of the target gene RECK normalized with HRPT1 alone and with the normalization factors generated by the combination of these three reference genes as well as with the unstable genes ACTB or RPL13A is given. That example shows the significance of using suitable reference genes to avoid erroneous normalizations in gene profiling studies for prostate cancer. The use of HPRT1 alone as a reference gene shown in our study was sufficient, but the normalization factors generated from two (HRPT1, ALAS1) or all three genes (HRPT1, ALAS1, K-ALPHA-1) should be considered for an improved reliability of normalization in gene profiling studies of prostate cancer.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.