ArticleGut2006
In vivo imaging of cerebral "peripheral benzodiazepine binding sites" in patients with hepatic encephalopathy.
Article in Gut, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 100 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Interplay of Inflammatory Processes and Cognition in Alcohol Use Disorders-A Systematic Review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2019Pooled it
- Brain pathology in relation to somatic diseases: Exploring the body-brain crosstalk.Journal of internal medicine · 2026Review
- Ammonia and beyond - biomarkers of hepatic encephalopathy.Metabolic brain disease · 2025Review
- Gut Microbiota and Neuroinflammation in Acute Liver Failure and Chronic Liver Disease.Metabolites · 2023Review
- The role of brain inflammation and abnormal brain oxygen homeostasis in the development of hepatic encephalopathy.Metabolic brain disease · 2023Review
- Novel PET Imaging of Inflammatory Targets and Cells for the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Giant Cell Arteritis and Polymyalgia Rheumatica.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Review
- Understanding the Role of the Gut Microbiome and Microbial Metabolites in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Current Evidence and Perspectives.Biomolecules · 2021Review
- Have (R)-[European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2021Article
- Cognitive Dysfunction in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease-Current Knowledge, Mechanisms and Perspectives.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
- Neuroimaging Findings in Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection: Correlation with Neurocognitive and Neuropsychiatric Manifestations.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Review
- Approach and management of dysnatremias in cirrhosis.Hepatology international · 2018Review
- Neuroinflammation in acute hepatic encephalopathy rats: imaging and therapeutic effectiveness evaluation usingMetabolic brain disease · 2018Article
- The Cerebellum of Patients with Steatohepatitis Shows Lymphocyte Infiltration, Microglial Activation and Loss of Purkinje and Granular Neurons.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Neurotoxicity of Ammonia.Neurochemical research · 2017Review
- Decreased hippocampal translocator protein (18 kDa) expression in alcohol dependence: a [Translational psychiatry · 2017Article
- Pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis: the concept of synergism revisited.Metabolic brain disease · 2016Review
- What we know: the inflammatory basis of hepatic encephalopathy.Metabolic brain disease · 2016Review
- Infliximab reduces peripheral inflammation, neuroinflammation, and extracellular GABA in the cerebellum and improves learning and motor coordination in rats with hepatic encephalopathy.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2016Article
- Reducing Peripheral Inflammation with Infliximab Reduces Neuroinflammation and Improves Cognition in Rats with Hepatic Encephalopathy.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsOne proposed mechanism whereby hepatic encephalopathy (HE) leads to loss of brain function is dysregulated synthesis of neurosteroids. Mitochondrial synthesis of neurosteroids is regulated by "peripheral benzodiazepine binding sites" (PBBS). Expressed in the brain by activated glial cells, PBBS can be measured in vivo by the specific ligand [11C](R)-PK11195 and positron emission tomography (PET). Recently, it has been suggested that PBBS expressing glial cells may play a role in the general inflammatory responses seen in HE. Therefore, we measured PBBS in vivo in the brains of patients with minimal HE using [11C](R)-PK11195 PET.
methodsFive patients with minimal HE and biopsy proven cirrhosis of differing aetiology were assessed with a neuropsychometric battery. Regional expression of PBBS in the brain was detected by [11C](R)-PK11195 PET.
resultsAll patients showed brain regions with increased [11C](R)-PK11195 binding. Significant increases in glial [11C](R)-PK11195 binding were found bilaterally in the pallidum, right putamen, and right dorsolateral prefrontal region. The patient with the most severe cognitive impairment had the highest increases in regional [11C](R)-PK11195 binding.
conclusionHE is associated with increased cerebral binding of [11C](R)-PK11195 in vivo, reflecting increased expression of PBBS by glial cells. This supports earlier experimental evidence in rodent models of liver failure, suggesting that an altered glial cell state, as evidenced by the increase in cerebral PBBS, might be causally related to impaired brain functioning in HE.
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