ArticleArthritis research & therapy2005
Sex hormone modulation of cell growth and apoptosis of the human monocytic/macrophage cell line.
Article in Arthritis research & therapy, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 101 citations in OpenAlex.
- Increasing skeletal muscle mass and strength during incretin-based weight loss.Obesity pillars · 2026Article
- Estradiol and dihydrotestosterone exert sex-specific effects on human fibroblast and endothelial proliferation, bioenergetics, and vasculogenesis.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Fetal Bovine Serum Modulates Primary Human Cell Phenotypes, Endothelial Barrier Function, Vasculogenesis, and Angiogenesis in a Sex-Specific Manner.Cellular and molecular bioengineering · 2025Article
- An updated overview of the search for biomarkers of osteoporosis based on human proteomics.Journal of orthopaedic translation · 2024Review
- A Comprehensive Protocol for the Collection, Differentiation, Cryopreservation, and Resuscitation of Primary Murine Bone Marrow Derived Macrophages (BMDM).Immunological investigations · 2024Article
- Association between systemic immunity-inflammation index and sex hormones in children and adolescents aged 6-19.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Chronic Stress That Changed Intestinal Permeability and Induced Inflammation Was Restored by Estrogen.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Sex differences in depression: An immunological perspective.Brain research bulletin · 2023Review
- Testicular macrophages are recruited during a narrow fetal time window and promote organ-specific developmental functions.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Sex-the most underappreciated variable in research: insights from helminth-infected hosts.Veterinary research · 2022Review
- Matters of the heart: Cellular sex differences.Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology · 2021Review
- Apoptosis, Autophagy, NETosis, Necroptosis, and Pyroptosis Mediated Programmed Cell Death as Targets for Innovative Therapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Mechanisms of sex hormones in autoimmunity: focus on EAE.Biology of sex differences · 2020Review
- Androgen and Androgen Receptors as Regulators of Monocyte and Macrophage Biology in the Healthy and Diseased Lung.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Precise immunomodulation of the M1 to M2 macrophage transition enhances mesenchymal stem cell osteogenesis and differs by sex.Bone & joint research · 2019Article
- Pubertal hormones mediate sex differences in levels of myelin basic protein in the orbitofrontal cortex of adult rats.Neuroscience · 2019Article
- Dehydroepiandrosterone: a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment and rehabilitation of the traumatically injured patient.Burns & trauma · 2019Review
- Do Androgens Modulate the Pathophysiological Pathways of Inflammation? Appraising the Contemporary Evidence.Journal of clinical medicine · 2018Review
- Evaluation of activity of hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis in postmenopausal women suffering from severe acute illness.The Indian journal of medical research · 2016Article
- Association of Autophagy in the Cell Death Mediated by Dihydrotestosterone in Autoreactive T Cells Independent of Antigenic Stimulation.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Sex hormones seem to modulate the immune/inflammatory responses by different mechanisms in female and male rheumatoid arthritis patients. The effects of 17beta-oestradiol and of testosterone were tested on the cultured human monocytic/macrophage cell line (THP-1) activated with IFN-gamma in order to investigate their role in cell proliferation and apoptosis. Activated human THP-1 cells were cultured in the presence of 17beta-oestradiol and testosterone (final concentration, 10 nM). The evaluation of markers of cell proliferation included the NF-kappaB DNA-binding assay, the NF-kappaB inhibition complex, the proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression and the methyl-tetrazolium salt test. Apoptosis was detected by the annexin V-propidium assay and by the cleaved poly-ADP ribose polymerase expression. Specific methods included flow analysis cytometry scatter analysis, immunocytochemistry and western blot analysis. Cell growth inhibition and increased apoptosis were observed in testosterone-treated THP-1 cells. Increased poly-ADP ribose polymerase-cleaved expression and decreased proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression, as well as an increase of IkappaB-alpha and a decrease of the IkappaB-alpha phosphorylated form (ser 32), were found in testosterone-treated THP-1 cells. However, the NF-kappaB DNA binding was found increased in 17beta-oestradiol-treated THP-1 cells. The treatment with staurosporine (enhancer of apoptosis) induced decreased NF-kappaB DNA binding in all conditions, but particularly in testosterone-treated THP-1 cells. Treatment of THP-1 by sex hormones was found to influence cell proliferation and apoptosis. Androgens were found to increase the apoptosis, and oestrogens showed a protective trend on cell death--both acting as modulators of the NF-kappaB complex.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.