ArticlePLoS pathogens2005
The role of innate immune responses in the outcome of interspecies competition for colonization of mucosal surfaces.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 101 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
101 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 213 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring the microbial landscape of the nasopharynx in children: a systematic review of studies using next generation sequencing.Frontiers in microbiomes · 2023Pooled it
- Seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and nasopharyngeal microbiota in healthy children.Emerging infectious diseases · 2014Trial
- Article
- Divergent roles for complement components C3 and C4 in controllingbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Parallel comparison of T cell and B cell subpopulations of adenoid hypertrophy and tonsil hypertrophy of children.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Nutrition ofEcoSal Plus · 2024Review
- Adenoid hypertrophy in children: a narrative review of pathogenesis and clinical relevance.BMJ paediatrics open · 2023Review
- Immune-mediated competition benefits protective microbes over pathogens in a novel host species.Heredity · 2022Article
- Non-diphtheriae Corynebacterium species are associated with decreased risk of pneumococcal colonization during infancy.The ISME journal · 2022Article
- Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae Infection Impedes Pseudomonas aeruginosa Colonization and Persistence in Mouse Respiratory Tract.Infection and immunity · 2022Article
- Streptococcus pyogenes can support or inhibit growth of Haemophilus influenzae by supplying or restricting extracellular NAD.PloS one · 2022Article
- Review
- Innate Immunity in the Middle Ear Mucosa.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
- Colonizing Microbes, IL-10 and IL-22: Keeping the Peace at the Mucosal Surface.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Review
- Nasal Tissue Extraction Is Essential for Characterization of the Murine Upper Respiratory Tract Microbiota.mSphere · 2020Article
- Commensal bacteria in the upper respiratory tract regulate susceptibility to infection.Current opinion in immunology · 2020Review
- Group A Streptococcus Infection of the Nasopharynx Requires Proinflammatory Signaling through the Interleukin-1 Receptor.Infection and immunity · 2020Article
- Sputum microbiomic clustering in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease reveals a Haemophilus-predominant subgroup.Allergy · 2020Article
- Interactions of Bacteriophages and Bacteria at the Airway Mucosa: New Insights Into the Pathophysiology of Asthma.Frontiers in allergy · 2020Review
- Constructing personalized longitudinal holo'omes of colon cancer-prone humans and their modeling in flies and mice.Oncotarget · 2019Article
41 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Since mucosal surfaces may be simultaneously colonized by multiple species, the success of an organism may be determined by its ability to compete with co-inhabitants of its niche. To explore the contribution of host factors to polymicrobial competition, a murine model was used to study the initiation of colonization by Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Both bacterial species, which occupy a similar microenvironment within the nasopharynx, persisted during colonization when given individually. Co-colonization, however, resulted in rapid clearance of S. pneumoniae from the upper respiratory tract, associated with increased recruitment of neutrophils into paranasal spaces. Systemic depletion of either neutrophil-like cells or complement was sufficient to eliminate this competitive effect, indicating that clearance was likely due to enhanced opsonophagocytic killing. The hypothesis that modulation of opsonophagocytic activity was responsible for host-mediated competition was tested using in vitro killing assays with elicited neutrophil-like cells. Components of H. influenzae (but not S. pneumoniae) stimulated complement-dependent phagocytic killing of S. pneumoniae. Thus, the recruitment and activation of neutrophils through selective microbial pattern recognition may underlie the H. influenzae-induced clearance of S. pneumoniae. This study demonstrates how innate immune responses may mediate competitive interactions between species and dictate the composition of the colonizing flora.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.