ArticleThe Plant cell2005
Localization of Ptr ToxA Produced by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis Reveals Protein Import into Wheat Mesophyll Cells.
Article in The Plant cell, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers.
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Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Omic characterisation of multi-component defences against the necrotrophic pathogen Pyrenophora tritici-repentis in wheat.Plant biology (Stuttgart, Germany) · 2025Article
- Review
- What are the 100 most cited fungal genera?Studies in mycology · 2024Article
- The broad host range pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum produces multiple effector proteins that induce host cell death intracellularly.Molecular plant pathology · 2023Article
- Clathrin-mediated endocytosis facilitates the internalization of Magnaporthe oryzae effectors into rice cells.The Plant cell · 2023Article
- Nuclear effectors of plant pathogens: Distinct strategies to be one step ahead.Molecular plant pathology · 2023Review
- Tuning the Wavelength: Manipulation of Light Signaling to Control Plant Defense.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Systematic identification and functional characterization of the CFEM proteins in poplar fungusFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- Genetic characterization of adult-plant resistance to tan spot (syn, yellow spot) in wheat.TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik · 2021Article
- An optimized sporulation method for the wheat fungal pathogen Pyrenophora tritici-repentis.Plant methods · 2021Article
- Fungal Pathogens in Grasslands.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
- Effectors of Plant Necrotrophic Fungi.Frontiers in plant science · 2021Review
- UhAVR1, an HR-Triggering Avirulence Effector ofJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Meta-QTL analysis of tan spot resistance in wheat.TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik · 2020Article
- The essential effector SCRE1 in Ustilaginoidea virens suppresses rice immunity via a small peptide region.Molecular plant pathology · 2020Article
- Article
- A Review of the Interactions between Wheat and Wheat Pathogens: Zymoseptoria tritici, Fusarium spp. and Parastagonospora nodorum.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Review
- Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The plant pathogenic fungus Pyrenophora tritici-repentis secretes host-selective toxins (HSTs) that function as pathogenicity factors. Unlike most HSTs that are products of enzymatic pathways, at least two toxins produced by P. tritici-repentis are proteins and, thus, products of single genes. Sensitivity to these toxins in the host is conferred by a single gene for each toxin. To study the site of action of Ptr ToxA (ToxA), toxin-sensitive and -insensitive wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars were treated with ToxA followed by proteinase K. ToxA was resistant to protease, but only in sensitive leaves, suggesting that ToxA is either protected from the protease by association with a receptor or internalized. Immunolocalization and green fluorescent protein tagged ToxA localization demonstrate that ToxA is internalized in sensitive wheat cultivars only. Once internalized, ToxA localizes to cytoplasmic compartments and to chloroplasts. Intracellular expression of ToxA by biolistic bombardment into both toxin-sensitive and -insensitive cells results in cell death, suggesting that the ToxA internal site of action is present in both cell types. However, because ToxA is internalized only in sensitive cultivars, toxin sensitivity, and therefore the ToxA sensitivity gene, are most likely related to protein import. The results of this study show that the ToxA protein is capable of crossing the plant plasma membrane from the apoplastic space to the interior of the plant cell in the absence of a pathogen.
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