ArticleThe American journal of pathology2005
NS-398, a cyclooxygenase-2-specific inhibitor, delays skeletal muscle healing by decreasing regeneration and promoting fibrosis.
Article in The American journal of pathology, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05637216 (A Pilot Study of Losartan to Reduce Radiation Induced Fibrosis in Breast Cancer Patients), which is not on this map. Cited by 58 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Pilot Study of Losartan to Reduce Radiation Induced Fibrosis in Breast Cancer Patients
Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 167 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor on postexercise muscle protein synthesis in humans.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2010Trial
- Local NSAID infusion inhibits satellite cell proliferation in human skeletal muscle after eccentric exercise.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2009Trial
- Integrating and Orchestrating Multiple Components of Skeletal Muscle Injury and Regeneration.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2026Article
- Fibroadipogenic progenitor-secreted prostaglandin E2 coordinates stem cell fate via autocrine and paracrine crosstalk in healthy and dystrophic muscle.Cell death and differentiation · 2026Article
- Tendon, Ligament, and Muscle Injury, Osteotendinous, Myotendinous, and Muscle-to-Bone Junction Therapy Perspectives with Growth Factors and Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157-A Review.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Pain Management in Italian Elite Athletes: Trends in the Use of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs), Glucocorticoids, and Narcotics in Anti-Doping Reports (2013-2023).Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Mouse Models of Muscle Fibrosis: Mechanisms, Methods, and Applications.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Platelet-Poor Plasma for Muscle Injuries: A Review of Mechanisms and Clinical Perspectives.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2025Review
- In Old Mice, Exercise Induces Inflammation and Fibrosis Unless Alk5-Inhibitor and Oxytocin Are Used.Journal of cellular physiology · 2025Article
- Role of macrophages during skeletal muscle regeneration and hypertrophy-Implications for immunomodulatory strategies.Physiological reports · 2022Review
- Molecular Genetics and Cytotoxic Responses to Titanium Diboride and Zinc Borate Nanoparticles on Cultured Human Primary Alveolar Epithelial Cells.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Skeletal muscle healing by M1-like macrophages produced by transient expression of exogenous GM-CSF.Stem cell research & therapy · 2020Article
- Actovegin® reduces PMA-induced inflammation on human cells.European journal of applied physiology · 2020Article
- Dose-dependent pro- or anti-fibrotic responses of endometriotic stromal cells to interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor α.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Biological effects of selective COX-2 inhibitor NS398 on human glioblastoma cell lines.Cancer cell international · 2020Article
- Fibrosis following Acute Skeletal Muscle Injury: Mitigation and Reversal Potential in the Clinic.Journal of sports medicine (Hindawi Publishing Corporation) · 2020Review
- Local low-intensity vibration improves healing of muscle injury in mice.Physiological reports · 2020Article
- Platelet-rich plasma for thumb carpometacarpal joint osteoarthritis in a professional pianist: case-based review.Rheumatology international · 2019Review
- Macrophages fine tune satellite cell fate in dystrophic skeletal muscle of mdx mice.PLoS genetics · 2019Article
- Ibuprofen inhibited migration of skeletal muscle cells in association with downregulation of p130cas and CrkII expressions.Skeletal muscle · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are often prescribed after muscle injury. However, the effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on muscle healing remains primarily controversial. To further examine the validity of using these drugs after muscle injury, we investigated the working mechanism of NS-398, a cyclooxygenase-2-specific inhibitor. In vitro experiments showed that NS-398 inhibited the proliferation and maturation of differentiated myogenic precursor cells, suggesting a detrimental effect on skeletal muscle healing. Using a mouse laceration model, we analyzed the in vivo effect of NS-398 on skeletal muscle healing at time points up to 4 weeks after injury. The in vivo results revealed delayed muscle regeneration at early time points after injury in the NS-398-treated mice. Compared to controls, lacerated muscles treated with NS-398 expressed higher levels of transforming growth factor-beta1, which corresponded with increased fibrosis. In addition, transforming growth factor-beta1 co-localized with myostatin, a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth. We also found reduced neutrophil and macrophage infiltration in treated muscles, indicating that the delayed skeletal muscle healing observed after NS-398 treatment could be influenced by the anti-inflammatory effect of NS-398. Our findings suggest that the use of cyclooxygenase-2-specific inhibitors to treat skeletal muscle injuries warrants caution because they may interfere with muscle healing.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.