ArticleAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy2005
Sensitivity of Candida albicans germ tubes and biofilms to photofrin-mediated phototoxicity.
Article in Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 101 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of Photodynamic Therapy on Microorganisms Responsible for Dental Caries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Pooled it
- Photodynamic inactivation of microorganisms present on complete dentures. A clinical investigation. Photodynamic disinfection of complete dentures.Lasers in medical science · 2012Trial
- Antifungal Efficacy of Carbon Quantum Dots Combined with Photodynamic Therapy AgainstFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Biofilm-Associated Candidiasis: Pathogenesis, Prevalence, Challenges and Therapeutic Options.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Efficiency of the photodynamic therapy on viability of Streptococcus mutans in the oral cavity using chitosan nanoparticles: an in vitro study.Lasers in medical science · 2024Article
- Overcoming Drug Resistance in a ClinicalAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Inhibitory Effects and Mechanism of Action of Elsinochrome A onJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Photoinactivation of Yeast and Biofilm Communities ofJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Effectiveness of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with indocyanine green against the standard and fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans.Lasers in medical science · 2021Article
- Photosensitizers Mediated Photodynamic Inactivation against Fungi.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Article
- Photodynamic Inactivation ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- Revisiting Current Photoactive Materials for Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Review
- Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) using toluidine blue inhibits both growth and biofilm formation by Candida krusei.Lasers in medical science · 2018Article
- Photodynamic inactivation of a multispecies biofilm using curcumin and LED light.Lasers in medical science · 2016Article
- Candida Biofilms: Development, Architecture, and Resistance.Microbiology spectrum · 2015Review
- Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) inhibits biofilm formation by Candida albicans, increasing both ROS production and membrane permeability.Lasers in medical science · 2014Article
- Immune response after photodynamic therapy increases anti-cancer and anti-bacterial effects.World journal of immunology · 2014Article
- Can biowarfare agents be defeated with light?Virulence · 2013Review
- Light based anti-infectives: ultraviolet C irradiation, photodynamic therapy, blue light, and beyond.Current opinion in pharmacology · 2013Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Treatment of mucocutaneous and cutaneous Candida albicans infections with photosensitizing agents and light, termed photodynamic therapy (PDT), offers an alternative to conventional treatments. Initial studies using the clinically approved photosensitizer Photofrin demonstrated the susceptibility of C. albicans to its photodynamic effects. In the present study, we have further refined parameters for Photofrin-mediated photodynamic action against C. albicans and examined whether mechanisms commonly used by microorganisms to subvert either antimicrobial oxidative defenses or antimicrobial therapy, including biofilm formation, were operative. In buffer and defined medium, germ tubes preloaded with Photofrin retained their photosensitivity for up to 2 hours, indicating the absence of degradation or export of Photofrin by the organism. The addition of serum resulted in a gradual loss of photosensitivity over 2 hours. In contrast to an adaptive response by germ tubes to oxidative stress by hydrogen peroxide, there was no adaptive response to singlet oxygen-mediated stress by photodynamic action. C. albicans biofilms were sensitive to Photofrin-mediated phototoxicity in a dose-dependent manner. Finally, the metabolic activity of C. albicans biofilms following photodynamic insult was significantly lower than that of biofilms treated with amphotericin B for the same time period. These results demonstrate that several of the mechanisms microorganisms use to subvert either antimicrobial oxidative defenses or antimicrobial therapy are apparently not operative during Photofrin-mediated photodynamic treatment of C. albicans. These observations provide support and rationale for the continued investigation of PDT as an adjunctive, or possibly alternative, mode of therapy against cutaneous and mucocutaneous candidiasis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.