ArticleBritish journal of clinical pharmacology2005
Population pharmacokinetics of lopinavir in combination with ritonavir in HIV-1-infected patients.
Article in British journal of clinical pharmacology, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed.
- No Need for Lopinavir Dose Adjustment during Pregnancy: a Population Pharmacokinetic and Exposure-Response Analysis in Pregnant and Nonpregnant HIV-Infected Subjects.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2016Trial
- Impact of body weight and missed doses on lopinavir concentrations with standard and increased lopinavir/ritonavir doses during late pregnancy.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2015Trial
- Simultaneous population pharmacokinetic model for lopinavir and ritonavir in HIV-infected adults.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2008Trial
- Implications of the Digestion of Milk-Based Formulations for the Solubilization of Lopinavir/Ritonavir in a Combination Therapy.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Will the Use of Pharmacogenetics Improve Treatment Efficiency in COVID-19?Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Review
- Population pharmacokinetics of lopinavir/ritonavir in Covid-19 patients.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2021Article
- Pharmacokinetic Enhancement of HIV Antiretroviral Therapy During Pregnancy.Journal of clinical pharmacology · 2020Review
- Structural-based virtual screening and in vitro assays for small molecules inhibiting the feline coronavirus 3CL protease as a surrogate platform for coronaviruses.Antiviral research · 2020Article
- Approaches for the Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Pharmacologic View and Literature Review.Iranian journal of pharmaceutical research : IJPR · 2020Review
- Population Pharmacokinetics of Lopinavir/Ritonavir: Changes Across Formulations and Human Development From Infancy Through Adulthood.Journal of clinical pharmacology · 2018Article
- Population Pharmacokinetics of Lopinavir in Severely Malnourished HIV-infected Children and the Effect on Treatment Outcomes.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2018Article
- Impact of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms on Plasma Concentrations of Efavirenz and Lopinavir/Ritonavir in Chinese Children Infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus.Pharmacotherapy · 2017Article
- Clinical use of cobicistat as a pharmacoenhancer of human immunodeficiency virus therapy.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2016Review
- Integrated population pharmacokinetic/viral dynamic modelling of lopinavir/ritonavir in HIV-1 treatment-naïve patients.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2014Article
- Changes in clearance, volume and bioavailability of immunosuppressants when given with HAART in HIV-1 infected liver and kidney transplant recipients.Biopharmaceutics & drug disposition · 2013Observational
- Clinical pharmacokinetics of antiretroviral drugs in older persons.Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology · 2013Review
- Assessment of lopinavir pharmacokinetics with respect to developmental changes in infants and the impact on weight band-based dosing.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2012Article
- Lopinavir/ritonavir population pharmacokinetics in neonates and infants.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2011Article
- Assessing the impact of hepatitis C virus coinfection on lopinavir/ritonavir trough concentrations in HIV-infected patients.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimsTo develop a population pharmacokinetic model for lopinavir in combination with ritonavir, in which the interaction between both drugs was characterized, and in which relationships between patient characteristics and pharmacokinetics were identified.
methodsThe pharmacokinetics of lopinavir in combination with ritonavir were described using NONMEM (version V, level 1.1). First, ritonavir data were fitted to a previously developed model to obtain individual Bayesian estimates of pharmacokinetic parameters. Hereafter, an integrated model for the description of the pharmacokinetics of lopinavir with ritonavir was designed.
resultsFrom 122 outpatients 748 lopinavir and 748 ritonavir plasma concentrations were available for analysis. The interaction between the drugs was described by a time-independent inverse relationship between the exposure to ritonavir over a dosing-interval and the apparent clearance (CL/F) of lopinavir. The model parameters volume of distribution and absorption rate constant were 61.6 l (95% prediction interval (PI) 22.4, 83.7) and 0.564 h(-1) (95% PI 0.208, 0.947), respectively. The model yielded a theoretical value for the CL/F of lopinavir without ritonavir of 14.8 l h(-1) (95%PI 12.1, 20.1), which translates to a value of 5.73 l h(-1) in the presence of ritonavir. The only factor with significant effect on the pharmacokinetics was concurrent use of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI), which increased the CL/F of lopinavir by 39% (P < 0.001).
conclusionsWe have developed a model that has defined a time-independent inverse relationship between the exposure to ritonavir and the CL/F of lopinavir, and provided an adequate description of the pharmacokinetic parameters for the latter. Concomitant use of the NNRTIs efavirenz and nevirapine increased the CL/F of lopinavir.
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