ArticleInternational immunology2005
Schistosome larvae stimulate macrophage cytokine production through TLR4-dependent and -independent pathways.
Article in International immunology, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- C-type lectin receptor signaling in schistosomiasis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- TRPV1+ neurons promote cutaneous immunity against Schistosoma mansoni.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2025Article
- IRF4 regulates myeloid-derived suppressor cells expansion and function in Schistosoma japonicum-infected mice.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- Innate immune receptors are differentially expressed in mice during experimental Schistosoma mansoni early infection.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2024Article
- Immunological mechanisms involved in macrophage activation and polarization in schistosomiasis.Parasitology · 2023Review
- Pattern recognition receptor signaling and innate immune responses to schistosome infection.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- DC-SIGN mediated internalisation of glycosylated extracellular vesicles fromJournal of extracellular vesicles · 2020Article
- Innate Immune Responses Associated with Resistance againstJournal of immunology research · 2019Article
- Toll-like receptor-2 regulates macrophage polarization induced by excretory-secretory antigens from Schistosoma japonicum eggs and promotes liver pathology in murine schistosomiasis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2018Article
- TLR Specific Immune Responses against Helminth Infections.Journal of parasitology research · 2017Review
- Effect of Schistosoma mansoni Infection on Innate and HIV-1-Specific T-Cell Immune Responses in HIV-1-Infected Ugandan Fisher Folk.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2016Article
- Multivariable Regression Analysis in Schistosoma mansoni-Infected Individuals in the Sudan Reveals Unique Immunoepidemiological Profiles in Uninfected, egg+ and Non-egg+ Infected Individuals.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2016Article
- Article
- IL-10 Production in Macrophages Is Regulated by a TLR-Driven CREB-Mediated Mechanism That Is Linked to Genes Involved in Cell Metabolism.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2015Article
- Glycomic Analysis of Life Stages of the Human Parasite Schistosoma mansoni Reveals Developmental Expression Profiles of Functional and Antigenic Glycan Motifs.Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP · 2015Article
- Helminth Infection and Commensal Microbiota Drive Early IL-10 Production in the Skin by CD4+ T Cells That Are Functionally Suppressive.PLoS pathogens · 2015Article
- Epidermal keratinocytes initiate wound healing and pro-inflammatory immune responses following percutaneous schistosome infection.International journal for parasitology · 2015Article
- Sm16, a major component of Schistosoma mansoni cercarial excretory/secretory products, prevents macrophage classical activation and delays antigen processing.Parasites & vectors · 2015Article
- NLR proteins and parasitic disease.Immunologic research · 2014Review
- Circulating CD14brightCD16+ 'intermediate' monocytes exhibit enhanced parasite pattern recognition in human helminth infection.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Exposure of the mammalian host to infective larvae of Schistosoma mansoni causes an acute inflammatory response in the skin and the activation of several cell types of the innate immune response including macrophages. Using an in vitro model of macrophage activation, we show that schistosome larvae possess molecules that directly stimulate both thioglycollate-elicited macrophages (tM) and IFNgamma-activated tM in vitro to produce several cytokines including IL-6, IL-12p40 and IL-10. The parasite-derived molecules are enriched within the material released by the parasite following transformation [0- to 3-h released larval preparation (0-3hRP)] but not within soluble preparations of whole larvae. Cytokine production was maintained in the presence of polymyxin B, confirming that contaminating endotoxin was not responsible. IL-12p40 and IL-10 production was much lower by cells from C3H/HeJ mice, which have defective Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), but IL-6 production was unaffected. Experiments using TLR4-/- mice confirmed that IL-12p40 production by tM in response to 0-3hRP was partly dependent upon functional TLR4, whereas IL-6 production was entirely independent. In contrast, tM from MyD88-/- mice failed to secrete either IL-12p40 or IL-6, underlining a pivotal role of TLR signalling in cytokine production by macrophages in response to stimulation with 0-3hRP. Finally, we show that glycan components of 0-3hRP are required for optimal cytokine production since protease treatment of 0-3hRP had no effect on IL-12p40 production and only a slight effect on IL-6, while sodium meta-periodate treatment almost completely abolished production of both cytokines.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.