ArticleClinical and experimental immunology2005
Diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection using ESAT-6 and intracellular cytokine cytometry.
Article in Clinical and experimental immunology, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- A decrease in PPD specific CD4 T cell CD38 and HLA-DR expression in pulmonary tuberculosis patients after 8 weeks of therapy correlates with successful anti-tuberculosis treatment.Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases · 2021Article
- Measurement of phenotype and absolute number of circulating heparin-binding hemagglutinin, ESAT-6 and CFP-10, and purified protein derivative antigen-specific CD4 T cells can discriminate active from latent tuberculosis infection.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2015Article
- Multi-functional flow cytometry analysis of CD4+ T cells as an immune biomarker for latent tuberculosis status in patients treated with tumour necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2014Article
- Immune response to mycobacterial infection: lessons from flow cytometry.Clinical & developmental immunology · 2013Review
- Article
- Identification of a human immunodominant T-cell epitope of mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen PPE44.BMC microbiology · 2011Article
- Granulysin-expressing CD4+ T cells as candidate immune marker for tuberculosis during childhood and adolescence.PloS one · 2011Article
- Identification of cytokines in whole blood for differential diagnosis of tuberculosis versus pneumonia.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2010Article
- Article
- Cytometric detection of antigen-specific IFN-gamma/IL-2 secreting cells in the diagnosis of tuberculosis.BMC infectious diseases · 2009Article
- Comparison of intracellular cytokine flow cytometry and an enzyme immunoassay for evaluation of cellular immune response to active tuberculosis.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2009Article
- Effects of antenatal and postnatal environments on CD4 T-cell responses to Mycobacterium bovis BCG in healthy infants in the Gambia.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2008Article
- Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination of human newborns induces T cells with complex cytokine and phenotypic profiles.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2008Article
- Article
- Flow cytometric detection of gamma interferon can effectively discriminate Mycobacterium bovis BCG-vaccinated cattle from M. bovis-infected cattle.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2006Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Diagnosis of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) using tuberculin skin testing (TST) is often hampered by prior Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination. ESAT-6 is a protein that is expressed by MTB but absent in BCG. It has been postulated that it might be useful in distinguishing MTB-specific immune responses. This study measured CD4 T cell responder frequencies specific for ESAT-6 and the TST reagent purified protein derivative (PPD) in patients with tuberculosis (n = 16), controls with non-tuberculous pneumonia (n = 8) and normal subjects (n = 7). Responses were identified using the intracellular cytokine staining technique and flow cytometry on whole blood samples, and performed blinded to the patient condition. Antigen-specific CD4 cells were defined by CD69 positivity and one or more cytokine [interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-10, interferon (IFN)-gamma] and/or CD40L positivity. With ESAT-6 stimulation it was found that TB patients had significantly higher frequencies of IFN-gamma and CD40L-positive CD4 T cells compared to the normal group, while no significant differences were measured with PPD stimulation. A responder frequency of 0.01% or higher for at least one of the measured cytokines/CD40L was defined as a positive response. Using this criterion to compare the two patient groups, PPD had 100% sensitivity but 0% specificity while ESAT-6 had 100% sensitivity and 88% specificity. Use of MTB-specific proteins such as ESAT-6 in combination with intracellular cytokine staining and flow cytometry has the potential to identify individuals with MTB infection.
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