ArticleOsteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA2005
Risk factors for hip fractures in a middle-aged population: a study of 33,000 men and women.
Article in Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 82 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global, Regional and National Estimates of Hip Fracture Burden Associated with Type 2 Diabetes in Adults Aged Over 40 from 1990 to 2021 and Projections to 2046.Calcified tissue international · 2025Pooled it
- Gender differences between smoking and the risk of hip fracture.Journal of bone and mineral metabolism · 2024Pooled it
- Modifiable lifestyle factors associated with fragility hip fracture: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of bone and mineral metabolism · 2021Pooled it
- Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Risk of Hip Fracture in Men: A Meta-Analysis of 14 Prospective Cohort Studies.PloS one · 2016Pooled it
- Midlife risk factors predict long-term hip fracture risk in women: a 35-yr follow-up.JBMR plus · 2026Article
- Sleep and risk of hip fracture and falls among middle-aged and older Chinese.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Association between Smoking Status and the Risk of Hip Fracture in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Nationwide Population-Based Study.Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) · 2023Article
- Association of Self-Reported Sleep Characteristics and Hip Fracture: Observational and Mendelian Randomization Studies.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Elevated gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase level is associated with an increased risk of hip fracture in postmenopausal women.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Response to comments on "Gamma-glutamyl-transferase is associated with incident hip fractures in women and men ≥ 50 years: a large population-based cohort study".Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2022Article
- Gamma-glutamyl-transferase is associated with incident hip fractures in women and men ≥ 50 years: a large population-based cohort study.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2022Article
- Self-reported sleep characteristics and risk for incident vertebral and hip fracture in women.Sleep health · 2022Article
- Observational and genetic evidence highlight the association of human sleep behaviors with the incidence of fracture.Communications biology · 2021Article
- Fracture, nonunion and postoperative infection risk in the smoking orthopaedic patient: a systematic review and meta-analysis.EFORT open reviews · 2021Review
- Characteristics of Self-Reported Sleep and the Risk of Falls and Fractures: The Women's Health Initiative (WHI).Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2019Article
- Current and former smokers and hip fractures.Journal of frailty, sarcopenia and falls · 2018Review
- Investigation of the outcome of patients with hip fractures using vitamin D3.European journal of translational myology · 2018Article
- Vertebral Fracture Risk in Diabetic Elderly Men: The MrOS Study.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2018Article
- Cardiovascular biomarkers and risk of low-energy fractures among middle-aged men and women-A population-based study.PloS one · 2018Article
- Comparison of predictors of hip fracture and mortality after hip fracture in community-dwellers with and without Alzheimer's disease - exposure-matched cohort study.BMC geriatrics · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Knowledge about subjects who sustain hip fractures in middle age is poor. This study prospectively investigated risk factors for hip fracture in middle age and compared risk factors for cervical and trochanteric hip fractures. The Malmö Preventive Project consists of 22,444 men, mean age 44 years, and 10,902 women, mean age 50 years at inclusion. Baseline assessment included multiple examinations and lifestyle information. Follow-up was up to 16 years with regard to occurrence of fracture. One hundred thirty-five women had one low-energy hip fracture each, 93 of which were cervical and 42 trochanteric. One hundred sixty-three men had 166 hip fractures, of which 81 were cervical and 85 trochanteric. In the final Cox regression model for women, the risk factors with the strongest associations with hip fracture were diabetes (risk ratio (RR) 3.89, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.69-8.93, p=0.001) and poor self-rated health (RR 1.74, 95%CI 1.22-2.48, p=0.002). A history of previous fracture (RR 4.76, 95%CI 2.74-8.26, p=0.0001) was also a significant risk factor. In men, diabetes had the strongest association with hip fracture (RR 6.13, 95%CI 3.19-11.8, p=0.001). Smoking (RR 2.20, 95%CI 1.54-3.15, p=0.001), high serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (RR 1.84, 95%CI 1.50-2.26, p=0.001), poor self-rated health (RR 1.49, 95%CI 1.06-2.10, p=0.02) and reported sleep disturbances (RR 1.52, 95%CI 1.03-2.27, p=0.04) were other significant risk factors. The strongest risk factor for hip fracture for both women and men in middle age was diabetes. Many risk factors were similar for men and women, although the risk ratio differed. The risk factor pattern for cervical versus trochanteric fractures differed in both men and women. The findings indicate that those suffering a hip fracture before the age of 75 have a shorter life expectancy, suggesting that hip fractures affect the less healthy segment of the population.
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