ArticleInfection and immunity2005
Enterotoxin-based mucosal adjuvants alter antigen trafficking and induce inflammatory responses in the nasal tract.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 82 citations in OpenAlex.
- Recent advances in enterotoxin vaccine adjuvants.Current opinion in immunology · 2023Review
- Recent progress in application of nanovaccines for enhancing mucosal immune responses.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2023Review
- Pulmonary delivery of mucosal nanovaccines.Nanoscale · 2022Review
- Heat-Labile Toxin from EnterotoxigenicToxins · 2021Article
- Chemically SynthesizedMicroorganisms · 2020Article
- Article
- LTA1 is a safe, intranasal enterotoxin-based adjuvant that improves vaccine protection against influenza in young, old and B-cell-depleted (μMT) mice.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Mucosal Vaccine Approaches for Prevention of HIV and SIV Transmission.Current immunology reviews · 2019Article
- The Mucosal Vaccine Adjuvant LT(R192G/L211A) or dmLT.mSphere · 2018Review
- Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli heat-stable toxin and heat-labile toxin toxoid fusion 3xSTaN12S-dmLT induces neutralizing anti-STa antibodies in subcutaneously immunized mice.FEMS microbiology letters · 2016Article
- Systemic and Mucosal Antibody Responses to Soluble and Nanoparticle-Conjugated Antigens Administered Intranasally.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2016Article
- VACCINES. A mucosal vaccine against Chlamydia trachomatis generates two waves of protective memory T cells.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2015Article
- Nasal Administration of Cholera Toxin as a Mucosal Adjuvant Damages the Olfactory System in Mice.PloS one · 2015Article
- Induction of intestinal immunity by mucosal vaccines as a means of controlling HIV infection.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2014Review
- Buccal and sublingual vaccine delivery.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2014Review
- Immunogenicity of a West Nile virus DIII-cholera toxin A2/B chimera after intranasal delivery.Toxins · 2014Article
- Enhancing the protective immune response against botulism.Infection and immunity · 2013Article
- Nanoemulsion mucosal adjuvant uniquely activates cytokine production by nasal ciliated epithelium and induces dendritic cell trafficking.European journal of immunology · 2012Article
- Mucosal vaccine adjuvants update.Clinical and experimental vaccine research · 2012Article
- Novel vaccine development strategies for inducing mucosal immunity.Expert review of vaccines · 2012Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The safety of nasal vaccines containing enterotoxin-based mucosal adjuvants has not been studied in detail. Previous studies have indicated that native cholera toxin (nCT) can alter antigen trafficking when applied nasally. In this study, we determined the enterotoxin-based variables that alter antigen trafficking. To measure the influence of enterotoxin-based mucosal adjuvants on antigen trafficking in the nasal tract, native and mutant enterotoxins were coadministered with radiolabeled tetanus toxoid (TT). The nCT and heat-labile enterotoxin type 1 (LTh-1) redirected TT into the olfactory neuroepithelium (ON/E). Antigen redirection occurred mainly across the nasal epithelium without subsequent transport along olfactory neurons into the olfactory bulbs (OB). Thus, no significant accumulation of the vaccine antigen TT was observed in the OB when coadministered with nCT. In contrast, neither mutant CT nor mutant LTh-1, which lack ADP-ribosyltransferase activity, redirected TT antigen into the ON/E. Thus, ADP-ribosyltransferase activity was essential for antigen trafficking across the olfactory epithelium. Accumulation of TT in the ON/E was also due to B-subunit binding to GM1 gangliosides, as was demonstrated (i) by redirection of TT by LTh-1 in a dose-dependent manner, (ii) by ganglioside inhibition of the antigen redirection by LTh-1 and nCT, and (iii) by the use of LT-IIb, a toxin that binds to gangliosides other than GM1. Redirection of TT into the ON/E coincided with elevated production of interleukin 6 (IL-6) but not IL-1beta or tumor necrosis factor alpha in the nasal mucosa. Thus, redirection of TT is dependent on ADP-ribosyltransferase activity and GM1 binding and is associated with production of the inflammatory cytokine IL-6.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.