ArticleAmerican journal of respiratory and critical care medicine2005
Preinfection systemic inflammatory markers and risk of hospitalization due to pneumonia.
Article in American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 81 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
81 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 157 citations in OpenAlex.
- Body mass index and risk of clostridioides difficile infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Infection · 2022Pooled it
- Effects of microbiota-driven therapy on inflammatory responses in elderly individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2019Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Can Biomarkers Correctly Predict Ventilator-associated Pneumonia in Patients Treated With Targeted Temperature Management After Cardiac Arrest? An Exploratory Study of the Multicenter Randomized Antibiotic (ANTHARTIC) Study.Critical care explorations · 2024Trial
- Biomarkers and bacterial pneumonia risk in patients with treated HIV infection: a case-control study.PloS one · 2013Trial
- Lung function impairment and risk of sepsis and sepsis-related mortality: a large cohort study with over 310,000 participants.Science China. Life sciences · 2026Article
- Telomere damage-mediated senescence in alveolar epithelial type II cells but not in macrophages aggravates inflammation in acute lung injury.Respiratory research · 2026Article
- Characteristics of Infections in Hemodialysis Patients: Results from a Single-Center 29-Month Observational Cohort Study from Romania.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Comparative Prognostic Accuracy of Clinical and Inflammation- or Nutrition-Based Scores in Older Adults with Community-Acquired Pneumonia.International journal of general medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Diverging patterns in innate immunity against respiratory viruses during a lifetime: lessons from the young and the old.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2024Review
- Age-dependent inflammatory response is altered in an ex vivo model of bacterial pneumonia.Respiratory research · 2024Article
- Article
- Clinical risk factors and blood protein biomarkers of 10-year pneumonia risk.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2023Article
- The Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study-Ground-Breaking Science for 25 Years and Counting.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2023Review
- Depression, worry, and loneliness are associated with subsequent risk of hospitalization for COVID-19: a prospective study.Psychological medicine · 2023Article
- Acute organ injury and long-term sequelae of severe pneumococcal infections.Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.) · 2023Review
- A Comprehensive Analysis of Cytokine Network in Centenarians.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- The Connection between Gut and Lung Microbiota, Mast Cells, Platelets and SARS-CoV-2 in the Elderly Patient.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- The silencing of SAAL1 suppresses pneumonia progression via modulating the NLR signaling pathway.Annals of translational medicine · 2022Article
21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
rationaleElevated proinflammatory cytokines are associated with severity of pneumonia, but the role of preinfection cytokine levels in the predisposition to pneumonia in humans is less clear.
objectiveTo ascertain role of preinfection inflammatory markers on susceptibility to community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).
methodsLongitudinal analysis over 6.5 yr of a cohort that consisted of 70- to 79-yr-old well-functioning elderly individuals. MEASUREMENTS: Association between preinfection tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and CAP requiring hospitalization.
resultsOf the 3,075 participants, 161 (5.2%) developed at least one episode of CAP requiring hospitalization over a median duration of 3.3 yr. The highest tertiles of TNF (> 3.7 pg/ml) and IL-6 (> 2.4 pg/ml) were associated with increased risk of CAP, and the adjusted odds ratios were 1.6 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-2.7) and 1.7 (95% CI, 1.1-2.8), respectively. The adjusted risk of CAP with at least one of these markers in the highest tertile was 1.6 (95% CI, 1.1-2.3). TNF and IL-6 levels in the highest tertile had a synergistic effect (p = 0.01 for interaction), and risk of CAP for both markers in the highest tertile was 2.8 (95% CI, 1.8-4.3). An FEV(1) of 50% or less of predicted was associated with the highest risk of CAP (adjusted odds ratio, 3.6; 95% CI, 2.3-5.6). Furthermore, TNF and IL-6 levels modified risk of CAP in participants with coexisting medical conditions and history of smoking.
conclusionIn the well-functioning elderly subjects, preinfection systemic levels of TNF and IL-6 were associated with higher risk of CAP requiring hospitalization in smokers and those with coexisting medical conditions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.