ReviewPsychopharmacology2006
Medication screening for smoking cessation: a proposal for new methodologies.
Review in Psychopharmacology, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 91 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of varenicline and bupropion on laboratory smoking outcomes: Meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled human laboratory studies.Addiction biology · 2022Pooled it
- Possible New Symptoms of Tobacco Withdrawal II: Anhedonia-A Systematic Review.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2020Pooled it
- Effects of experimental negative affect manipulations on ad libitum smoking: a meta-analysis.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2015Pooled it
- A practice quit model to test early efficacy of medications for alcohol use disorder in a randomized clinical trial.Psychopharmacology · 2024Trial
- Combined Working Memory Training and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Demonstrates Low Feasibility and Potentially Worse Outcomes on Delay to Smoking and Cognitive Tasks: A Randomized 2 × 2 Factorial Design Pilot and Feasibility Study.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Trial
- Evaluating Treatment Mechanisms of Varenicline: Mediation by Affect and Craving.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Trial
- Differences in Sociodemographic and Alcohol-Related Clinical Characteristics Between Treatment Seekers and Nontreatment Seekers and Their Role in Predicting Outcomes in the COMBINE Study for Alcohol Use Disorder.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2020Trial
- Nicotine patch for cannabis withdrawal symptom relief: a randomized controlled trial.Psychopharmacology · 2020Trial
- Trial
- The Nicotine Metabolite Ratio is Associated With Early Smoking Abstinence Even After Controlling for Factors That Influence the Nicotine Metabolite Ratio.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2016Trial
- Does Extended Pre Quit Bupropion Aid in Extinguishing Smoking Behavior?Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2015Trial
- Varenicline, low dose naltrexone, and their combination for heavy-drinking smokers: human laboratory findings.Psychopharmacology · 2014Trial
- Predictors of smoking lapse in a human laboratory paradigm.Psychopharmacology · 2014Trial
- A human laboratory pilot study with baclofen in alcoholic individuals.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2013Trial
- Dependence and withdrawal-induced craving predict abstinence in an incentive-based model of smoking relapse.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2013Trial
- Effects of divalproex on smoking cue reactivity and cessation outcomes among smokers achieving initial abstinence.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2012Trial
- Why two smoking cessation agents work better than one: role of craving suppression.Journal of consulting and clinical psychology · 2012Trial
- Nicotine therapy sampling to induce quit attempts among smokers unmotivated to quit: a randomized clinical trial.Archives of internal medicine · 2011Trial
- Lapse-induced surges in craving influence relapse in adult smokers: an experimental investigation.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2011Trial
- A randomised placebo-controlled trial of oral hydrocortisone for treating tobacco withdrawal symptoms.Psychopharmacology · 2011Trial
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
rationaleThe purpose of medication screening studies is to quickly and cheaply evaluate the clinical potential of medications, so that promising drugs proceed to large-scale clinical trials and unpromising drugs do not. Screening procedures for smoking cessation medications either are not sufficiently practical or lack clinical validity. Clinical trials have clinical validity but are often impractical as initial tests of efficacy (i.e., screening) or suffer from limited statistical power. The alternative approach of short-term, laboratory-based studies of purported mechanisms of efficacy may overcome some of the practical problems of clinical trials but appear to have limited clinical validity.
objectivesThis commentary identifies some of the limitations of current short-term screening procedures and provides suggestions for improving such studies.
resultsShort-term screening studies typically use smokers unmotivated to abstain (i.e., nontreatment seekers) as participants and examine brief medication effects on clinical markers or potential mechanisms of action, including relief of withdrawal and craving during enforced abstinence or on reduction in the reinforcing effects of smoked tobacco. The limitation of these approaches is shown by their insensitivity to effects of nicotine replacement and bupropion, which are effective in clinical trials for smoking cessation.
conclusionsThe clinical validity of short-term screening studies may improve if these studies simulate some clinical trial procedures within practical limitations. Thus, they should recruit smokers motivated to abstain, emphasize smoking abstinence as a primary index of medication response, examine effects over sufficiently long time periods to encompass the drug's mechanism of action, and assess responses in the natural environment. Whether these changes improve the sensitivity of screening studies is testable. Other research aimed specifically at identifying the mechanisms of therapeutic action of a medication may also profit from using this approach of simulating a short-term clinical trial.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.