ArticleIntensive care medicine2005
Both early-onset and late-onset ventilator-associated pneumonia are caused mainly by potentially multiresistant bacteria.
Article in Intensive care medicine, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Guideline
- Management of Adults With Hospital-acquired and Ventilator-associated Pneumonia: 2016 Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the American Thoracic Society.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2016Guideline
- Trial
- Article
- Baseline Characteristics of Bronchial Secretions and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid in Patients with Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Microbiological Etiology and Detection of Drug-Resistant Bacteria in Pneumonia in Patients with Organophosphate Poisoning in the Intensive Care Unit.Infection and drug resistance · 2025Article
- A Comparison of Different Strategies for Optimizing the Selection of Empiric Antibiotic Therapy for Pneumonia Caused by Gram-Negative Bacteria in Intensive Care Units: Unit-Specific Combination Antibiograms Versus Patient-Specific Risk Factors.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Guidelines for Antibiotics Prescription in Critically Ill Patients.Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine · 2024Article
- Ventilator-associated pneumonia: pathobiological heterogeneity and diagnostic challenges.Nature communications · 2024Review
- Early-Onset Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Pediatric Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.Neurocritical care · 2023Article
- Article
- Rate of Multidrug-resistance to Antimicrobial Drugs in Patients in Pediatric Neurointensive Care.Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine · 2023Article
- A Narrative Review on the Approach to Antimicrobial Use in Ventilated Patients with Multidrug Resistant Organisms in Respiratory Samples-To Treat or Not to Treat? That Is the Question.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Effects of CNS Injury-Induced Immunosuppression on Pulmonary Immunity.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- A comparison of diagnostic algorithms and clinical parameters to diagnose ventilator-associated pneumonia: a prospective observational study.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2021Observational
- Antimicrobial Susceptibility among Pathogens Isolated in Early- versus Late-Onset Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia.Infectious disease reports · 2021Article
- Microorganisms and clinical outcomes of early- and late-onset ventilator-associated pneumonia at Srinagarind Hospital, a tertiary center in Northeastern Thailand.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2021Article
- Potential Impact of Hospital-acquired Pneumonia Guidelines on Empiric Antibiotics. An Evaluation of 113 Veterans Affairs Medical Centers.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2019Article
- Guidelines for Antibiotic Prescription in Intensive Care Unit.Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine · 2019Article
- Early-Onset Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Patients with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: Incidence, Risk Factors, and Consequences in Cerebral Oxygenation and Outcome.Neurocritical care · 2017Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo compare the causative pathogens of early-onset and late-onset ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) diagnosed by bronchoalveolar lavage quantitative cultures. Most previous reports have been based on endotracheal aspirate cultures and gave uncertain findings.
designProspective evaluation of consecutive patients with clinical suspicion for VAP.
settingMultidisciplinary intensive care unit of a university hospital. PATIENTS AND
participantsDuring a 3-year period 473 patients with clinical suspicion of VAP entered the study. Diagnosis of VAP was confirmed by cultures of bronchoalveolar lavage (> 10(4) cfu/ml) specimens in 408 patients.
interventionsProtected bronchoalveolar lavage samples were taken. Initial antibiotic therapy was modified upon bronchoalveolar lavage culture results. MEASUREMENTS AND
resultsAmong 408 patients 191 had early-onset (< 7 days mechanical ventilation) and 217 late-onset (> or = 7 days) VAP. Potentially multiresistant bacteria, mainly Pseudomonas aeruginosa and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), were the most commonly isolated pathogens in both types of VAP. No difference was noted in the contribution of potentially multiresistant pathogens (79% vs. 85%), P. aeruginosa (42% vs. 47%), or MRSA (33% vs. 30%) between early-onset and late-onset VAP. Initial antibiotic therapy was modified in 58% of early-onset VAP episodes and in 36% of late-onset VAP episodes. No difference in mortality was found between the two types of VAP.
conclusionsBoth early-onset and late-onset VAP were mainly caused by potentially multiresistant bacteria, most commonly P. aeruginosa and MRSA. Antimicrobial agents against these pathogens should be prescribed empirically, at least in our institution.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.