ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2005
Occurrence and relatedness of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in animals, humans, and the environment in different European regions.
Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Comparison of different approaches to antibiotic restriction in food-producing animals: stratified results from a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ global health · 2019Pooled it
- One Health Insights intoInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Current Trends in Approaches to Prevent and Control Antimicrobial Resistance in Aquatic Veterinary Medicine.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Multiplex Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction and Recombinase Polymerase Amplification: Methods for Quick and Cost-Effective Detection of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE).Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Effects of Supplementing Milk Replacer with Sodium Butyrate on Dairy Calves.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Treatment ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- State of Knowledge on the Acquisition, Diversity, Interspecies Attribution and Spread of Antimicrobial Resistance between Humans, Animals and the Environment: A Systematic Review.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Distinguishing ClinicalAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Antimicrobial Resistance ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Article
- Prevalence of Virulence Genes and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern inReports of biochemistry & molecular biology · 2021Article
- Supplementation with sodium butyrate improves growth and antioxidant function in dairy calves before weaning.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2021Article
- Antimicrobial Resistance inMicrobiology spectrum · 2018Review
- Prevalence of biofilm formation and vancomycin-resistant genes amongIranian journal of microbiology · 2018Article
- Isolation and Characterization of a Phage to Control Vancomycin ResistantOpen life sciences · 2018Article
- Illustrative examples of probable transfer of resistance determinants from food animals to humans: Streptothricins, glycopeptides, and colistin.F1000Research · 2017Review
- Antibiotic Resistance and Biofilm Formation of Enterococcus faecalis in Patient and Environmental Samples.Jundishapur journal of microbiology · 2015Article
- Tackling antibiotic resistance: the environmental framework.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2015Review
- Enterococci and Their Interactions with the Intestinal Microbiome.Microbiology spectrum · 2014Article
- Determination of Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus faecium Diversity in Tehran Sewage Using Plasmid Profile, Biochemical Fingerprinting and Antibiotic Resistance.Jundishapur journal of microbiology · 2014Article
- Mini-review: Epidemiology and zoonotic potential of multiresistant bacteria and Clostridium difficile in livestock and food.GMS hygiene and infection control · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in Europe are thought to have emerged partly due to the use of the glycopeptide avoparcin in animal husbandry. We compared the occurrence of VRE in geographical regions of Europe in which until 1997 large amounts of avoparcin were used (Spain, United Kingdom, and Denmark) with the occurrence of VRE in Sweden, where avoparcin was banned in 1986. We also studied the relatedness between VRE strains from different regions and habitats. In total, 2,580 samples were collected from humans, animals, and the environment (soil, sewage, recipient water). VRE resistant to 20 microg/ml vancomycin were identified in 8.2% of the samples and were found most frequently in raw and treated urban sewage samples (means, 71% and 36% of the samples, respectively), pig manure (17%), and hospital sewage (16%). The proportions of VRE-positive sewage samples were similar in Sweden, Spain, and the United Kingdom, whereas pig feces and manure were more often positive in Spain than in Sweden (30% versus 1%). Most VRE were Enterococcus faecium carrying vanA, and computerized biochemical phenotyping of the isolates of different ecological origins showed a high degree of polyclonality. In conclusion, it seems that animal-associated VRE probably reflect the former use of avoparcin in animal production, whereas VRE in human-associated samples may be a result of antibiotic use in hospitals. Since there seems to be a reservoir of the resistance genes in all countries studied, precautions must be taken to limit the use of antibiotics and antibiotic-like feed additives.
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