ArticleJournal of clinical microbiology2005
Dual infections with pigmented and albino strains of Cryptococcus neoformans in patients with or without human immunodeficiency virus infection in India.
Article in Journal of clinical microbiology, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Inbred Mouse Models inJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Metabolome changes are induced in the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Gigaspora margarita by germination and by its bacterial endosymbiont.Mycorrhiza · 2018Article
- Molecular Characterization and Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Sequentially Obtained Clinical Cryptococcus deneoformans and Cryptococcus neoformans Isolates from Ljubljana, Slovenia.Mycopathologia · 2018Article
- ALL2, a Homologue of ALL1, Has a Distinct Role in Regulating pH Homeostasis in the Pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans.Infection and immunity · 2016Article
- Characterization of the virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans strains in an insect model.Virulence · 2015Article
- Global Molecular Epidemiology of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii: An Atlas of the Molecular Types.Scientifica · 2013Review
- Cryptococcal genotype influences immunologic response and human clinical outcome after meningitis.mBio · 2012Article
- Genetic Diversity and Genomic Plasticity of Cryptococcus neoformans AD Hybrid Strains.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2012Article
- Mixed infections and In Vivo evolution in the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans.mBio · 2010Article
- Variability of phenotypic traits in Cryptococcus varieties and species and the resulting implications for pathogenesis.Future microbiology · 2010Review
- Growth conditions influence melanization of Brazilian clinical Sporothrix schenckii isolates.Microbes and infection · 2009Article
- Evidence of a role for monocytes in dissemination and brain invasion by Cryptococcus neoformans.Infection and immunity · 2009Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated yeast-like fungus of worldwide distribution. Melanin production is an important virulence factor of C. neoformans. We report the identification of distinct cryptococcal isolates with either pigmented or white colony phenotypes on L-dihydroxyphenylalanine agar plates in three patients who presented with meningitis to the All India Institute of Medical Sciences in India. Two of the patients were also infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Biochemical studies, India ink analysis, immunofluorescence with antibodies specific to capsular antigen, and serotyping confirmed that the melanotic and albino strains were C. neoformans serotypes A and D, respectively. Genotyping with M13 and [GACA]4 primers revealed that all the C. neoformans isolates were genetically different. The CNLAC1 gene associated with melanin production was identified in all the strains by PCR. Standard MIC testing revealed that the strains had similar susceptibilities to amphotericin B, but time-kill assays with the antifungal showed reduced susceptibility in melanin-producing strains. Infection studies with A/Jcr mice showed that the melanin-lacking yeast were less virulent than melanin-producing isolates. These findings indicate that these patients had dual infections with pigmented and albino strains of C. neoformans that were phenotypically and biologically different. Continued surveillance of primary isolates from patients with cryptococcosis by analyzing phenotypic differences and by molecular methods may reveal that mixed infections occur more commonly than is currently realized.
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