ArticleBiophysical journal2005
Extracellular space diffusion in central nervous system: anisotropic diffusion measured by elliptical surface photobleaching.
Article in Biophysical journal, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sera of Neuromyelitis Optica Patients Increase BID-Mediated Apoptosis in Astrocytes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- A noninvasive fluorescence imaging-based platform measures 3D anisotropic extracellular diffusion.Nature communications · 2021Article
- Brain Extracellular Space: The Final Frontier of Neuroscience.Biophysical journal · 2017Review
- Article
- Spatial model of convective solute transport in brain extracellular space does not support a "glymphatic" mechanism.The Journal of general physiology · 2016Article
- Intracellular tortuosity underlies slow cAMP diffusion in adult ventricular myocytes.Cardiovascular research · 2016Article
- Degeneracy in model parameter estimation for multi-compartmental diffusion in neuronal tissue.NMR in biomedicine · 2016Article
- Muddying the water in brain edema?Trends in neurosciences · 2015Article
- Measurement of three-dimensional anisotropic diffusion by multiphoton fluorescence recovery after photobleaching.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2014Article
- FRAP in pharmaceutical research: practical guidelines and applications in drug delivery.Pharmaceutical research · 2014Review
- Optic neuritis in neuromyelitis optica.Progress in retinal and eye research · 2013Article
- Diffusion in the extracellular space in brain and tumors.Physical biology · 2013Article
- Diffusion of macromolecules in the brain: implications for drug delivery.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2013Review
- Steric volume exclusion sets soluble protein concentrations in photoreceptor sensory cilia.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2012Article
- Shaping the synaptic signal: molecular mobility inside and outside the cleft.Trends in neurosciences · 2011Review
- Multiphoton fluorescence recovery after photobleaching in bounded systems.Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics · 2011Article
- Multiscale measurements distinguish cellular and interstitial hindrances to diffusion in vivo.Biophysical journal · 2009Article
- Receptor actions of synaptically released glutamate: the role of transporters on the scale from nanometers to microns.Biophysical journal · 2008Article
- Diffusion in brain extracellular space.Physiological reviews · 2008Review
- Random-walk model of diffusion in three dimensions in brain extracellular space: comparison with microfiberoptic photobleaching measurements.Biophysical journal · 2008Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Diffusion in the extracellular space (ECS) is crucial for normal central nervous system physiology. The determinants of ECS diffusion include viscous interactions with extracellular matrix/plasma membranes ("viscosity") and ECS geometry ("tortuosity"). To resolve viscosity versus tortuosity effects, we measured direction-dependent (anisotropic) diffusion in ECS in mouse spinal cord by photobleaching using an elliptical spot produced by a cylindrical lens in the excitation path. Anisotropic diffusion slowed fluorescence recovery when the long axis of the ellipse was parallel versus perpendicular to the direction of faster diffusion. A mathematical model was constructed to deduce diffusion coefficients (D(x), D(y)) from fluorescence recovery measured for parallel and perpendicular orientations of the long axis of the ellipse. Elliptical spot photobleaching was validated by photobleaching aqueous-phase fluorophores on a diffraction grating, where diffusion is one-dimensional. Measurement of the diffusion of 70 kDa FITC-dextran in spinal cord in living mice indicated that viscosity slows diffusion by approximately 1.8-fold compared with its diffusion in solution. ECS geometry hinders diffusion across (but not along) axonal fibers in spinal cord further by approximately fivefold. In cerebral cortex, however, approximately 50% of the hindrance to ECS diffusion comes from viscosity and approximately 50% from tortuosity. We suggest that the extracellular matrix might have evolved to facilitate rather than hinder diffusion even for large molecules.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.