ArticleEuropean journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging2006
Reversibility of ecstasy-induced reduction in serotonin transporter availability in polydrug ecstasy users.
Article in European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neuronal and peripheral damages induced by synthetic psychoactive substances: an update of recent findings from human and animal studies.Neural regeneration research · 2020Review
- The effects of ecstasy on neurotransmitter systems: a review on the findings of molecular imaging studies.Psychopharmacology · 2016Review
- The effect of acute tryptophan depletion on mood and impulsivity in polydrug ecstasy users.Psychopharmacology · 2014Article
- Brain serotonin function in MDMA (ecstasy) users: evidence for persisting neurotoxicity.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2013Review
- Sustained recreational use of ecstasy is associated with altered pre and postsynaptic markers of serotonin transmission in neocortical areas: a PET study with [¹¹C]DASB and [¹¹C]MDL 100907.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2012Article
- Methodological weaknesses in non-randomized studies of ecstasy (MDMA) use: a cautionary note to readers and reviewers.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2012Article
- Prospective memory deficits in Ecstasy users: effects of longer ongoing task delay interval.Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology · 2011Article
- Neuroimaging and drug taking in primates.Psychopharmacology · 2011Review
- Decreased cerebral cortical serotonin transporter binding in ecstasy users: a positron emission tomography/[(11)C]DASB and structural brain imaging study.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2010Article
- Neurotoxicity of drugs of abuse--the case of methylenedioxyamphetamines (MDMA, ecstasy), and amphetamines.Dialogues in clinical neuroscience · 2009Review
- Nonhuman primate neuroimaging and the neurobiology of psychostimulant addiction.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2008Review
- Effects of cocaine and MDMA self-administration on serotonin transporter availability in monkeys.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2008Article
- The psychotherapeutic potential of MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine): an evidence-based review.Psychopharmacology · 2007Review
- 5-Chloro-2-(2'-((dimethylamino)methyl)-4'-iodophenylthio)benzenamine: a new serotonin transporter ligand.Nuclear medicine and biology · 2007Article
- Differential effects of cocaine and MDMA self-administration on cortical serotonin transporter availability in monkeys.NeuropharmacologyArticle
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeAnimal data suggest that the synthetic drug ecstasy may damage brain serotonin neurons. Previously we reported protracted reductions in the availability of the serotonin transporter (SERT), an index of integrity of the axon terminals of brain serotonergic neurons, in SERT-rich brain regions in current human ecstasy users. Comparison of current ecstasy users and former ecstasy users yielded some evidence that this reduction might be reversible. However, participant selection effects could not be ruled out. Therefore, follow-up examinations were performed in these subjects to test the following a priori hypothesis in a prospective longitudinal design that eliminates participant selection effects to a large extent: availability of the SERT increases towards normal levels when ecstasy use is stopped, and remains unchanged or is further decreased if use is continued.
methodsTwo follow-up positron emission tomography measurements using the SERT ligand [11C](+)McN5652 were completed by 15 current and nine former ecstasy users. All subjects used illicit drugs other than ecstasy, too. The time interval between repeated measurements was about 1 year. The time course of the availability of the SERT was analysed in the following SERT-rich regions: mesencephalon, putamen, caudate and thalamus.
resultsCurrent ecstasy users showed a consistent increase in the availability of the SERT in the mesencephalon during the study (Friedman test: p = 0.010), which most likely was caused by a decrease in the intensity of ecstasy consumption (Spearman correlation coefficient -0.725, p = 0.002). Former ecstasy users showed a consistent increase in SERT availability in the thalamus (Friedman test: p = 0.006).
conclusionEcstasy-induced protracted alterations in the availability of the SERT might be reversible.
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