Evidence map›Paper›PMID 16113283›Full record

ArticleInfection and immunity2005

Heteropentameric cholera toxin B subunit chimeric molecules genetically fused to a vaccine antigen induce systemic and mucosal immune responses: a potential new strategy to target recombinant vaccine antigens to mucosal immune systems.

Tetsuya Harakuni, Hideki Sugawa, Ai Komesu, Masayuki Tadano, Takeshi Arakawa

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Infection and immunity, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed
1.0field-weighted citation impact, top 25% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  3. ABToxins · 2023
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  14. Production of Pentameric Cholera Toxin B Subunit in Escherichia coli.Avicenna journal of medical biotechnology · 2012
    Article
  15. Article
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  17. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Tetsuya HarakuniDivision of Molecular Microbiology, Center of Molecular Biosciences, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan.
Hideki Sugawa
Ai Komesu
Masayuki Tadano
Takeshi Arakawa
University of the Ryukyus · JP

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Noninvasive mucosal vaccines are attractive alternatives to parenteral vaccines. Although the conjugation of vaccine antigens with the B subunit of cholera toxin (CTB) is one of the most promising strategies for vaccine delivery to mucosal immune systems, the molecule cannot tolerate large-protein fusion, as it severely impairs pentamerization and loses affinity for GM1-ganglioside. Here we report a new strategy, in which steric hindrance between CTB-antigen fusion subunits is significantly reduced through the integration of unfused CTB "molecular buffers" into the pentamer unit, making them more efficiently self-assemble into biologically active pentamers. In addition, the chimeric protein took a compact configuration, becoming small enough to be secreted, and one-step affinity-purified proteins, when administered through a mucosal route, induced specific immune responses in mice. Since our results are not dependent on the use of a particular expression system or vaccine antigen, this strategy could be broadly applicable to bacterial enterotoxin-based vaccine design.

Indexed as

AnimalsCholeraCholera ToxinImmunity, MucosalMiceRecombinant Fusion ProteinsVaccines, SubunitVaccines, SyntheticCholera ToxinRecombinant Fusion ProteinsVaccines, SubunitVaccines, Synthetic

Identifiers

PMID16113283
PMCPMC1231140
OpenAlexW2104621536

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.