ArticleInfection and immunity2005
Cell surface heparan sulfate promotes replication of Toxoplasma gondii.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pathogens that infect mammalian cells via sulfonated glycosaminoglycans.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Genome-Wide Association Study forPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Polyplex transfection from intracerebroventricular delivery is not significantly affected by traumatic brain injury.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2020Article
- A plasma membrane localized protein phosphatase in Toxoplasma gondii, PPM5C, regulates attachment to host cells.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- The physicochemical fingerprint of Necator americanus.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2017Article
- Targeting heparin and heparan sulfate protein interactions.Organic & biomolecular chemistry · 2017Review
- The Cryptosporidium parvum C-Type Lectin CpClec Mediates Infection of Intestinal Epithelial Cells via Interactions with Sulfated Proteoglycans.Infection and immunity · 2016Article
- Lytic Cycle of Toxoplasma gondii: 15 Years Later.Annual review of microbiology · 2015Review
- Role of glycosaminoglycans in infectious disease.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2015Article
- Attachment of Chlamydia trachomatis L2 to host cells requires sulfation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2012Article
- Induction of mitotic S-phase of host and neighboring cells by Toxoplasma gondii enhances parasite invasion.Molecular and biochemical parasitology · 2009Article
- Microbial subversion of heparan sulfate proteoglycans.Molecules and cells · 2008Review
- Liver heparan sulfate proteoglycans mediate clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins independently of LDL receptor family members.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2007Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Previous work suggests that cell surface heparan sulfate acts as a receptor for the Apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Using Chinese hamster ovary cell mutants defective in heparan sulfate biosynthesis, we show that heparan sulfate is necessary and sufficient for infectivity. Further, we demonstrate that the parasite requires N sulfation of heparan sulfate initiated by N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase-1, but 2-O sulfation and 6-O sulfation appear to be dispensable. In order to study the role of heparan sulfate in other cell types, we created a conditional allele for N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase-1 by using Cre-loxP technology. Mammary tumor cells lacking N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase-1 exhibited reduced toxoplasma infectivity like Chinese hamster ovary cell mutants. Surprisingly, heparin, chemically modified heparinoids, and monoclonal antibodies to heparan sulfate had no effect on toxoplasma infection. T. gondii attachment and invasion were unchanged in N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase-1-inactivated cells as well, but replication was reduced. Thus, heparan sulfate does not appear to function as a receptor for T. gondii but instead facilitates parasite replication postinvasion.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.