ArticleInfection and immunity2005
Persistence of zinc-binding bacterial superantigens at the surface of antigen-presenting cells contributes to the extreme potency of these superantigens as T-cell activators.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- A superantigen-based MHC class II-targeted cancer immunotherapy for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia.Blood cancer journal · 2025Article
- [The role ofLin chuang er bi yan hou tou jing wai ke za zhi = Journal of clinical otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery · 2025Review
- Remodeling of Paranasal Sinuses Mucosa Functions in Response to Biofilm-Induced Inflammation.Journal of inflammation research · 2024Review
- Superantigen Recognition and Interactions: Functions, Mechanisms and Applications.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Endogenous HLA-DQ8αβ programs superantigens (SEG/SEI) to silence toxicity and unleash a tumoricidal network with long-term melanoma survival.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2020Article
- Review
- Update on staphylococcal superantigen-induced signaling pathways and therapeutic interventions.Toxins · 2013Review
- Metal ion acquisition in Staphylococcus aureus: overcoming nutritional immunity.Seminars in immunopathology · 2012Review
- Article
- Therapeutic down-modulators of staphylococcal superantigen-induced inflammation and toxic shock.Toxins · 2010Review
- Toxins from bacteria.EXS · 2010Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bacterial superantigen intoxication causes massive overactivation of T cells, which can result in potentially lethal toxic shock. Superantigens fall into two groups: superantigens such as staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) that contain a single generic binding site for major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) and more potent superantigens such as SEA with a second, zinc-dependent MHC-II binding site that enables them to cross-link adjacent MHC-II molecules. We found that although all superantigens bound rapidly to the surface of human B cells, zinc-binding superantigens largely remained at the cell surface for at least 40 h. In contrast, single-binding-site superantigens were greatly depleted from the surface by 4 h. Subcellular fractionation and confocal microscopy revealed that some SEB entered lysosomal compartments, but SEA remained almost undetectable inside cells at 20 h. SEA and SEB mutants that do not bind MHC-II were trafficked rapidly to lysosomal compartments. Our findings suggest that the persistence of SEA and other zinc-dependent, cross-linking superantigens on the surface of antigen-presenting cells contributes to their potency as T-cell activators.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.