ReviewJournal of epidemiology and community health2005
Hormone replacement therapy, cancer, controversies, and women's health: historical, epidemiological, biological, clinical, and advocacy perspectives.
Review in Journal of epidemiology and community health, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Is Hormone Replacement Therapy a Risk Factor or a Therapeutic Option for Alzheimer's Disease?International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- The utility of medico-legal databases for public health research: a systematic review of peer-reviewed publications using the National Coronial Information System.Health research policy and systems · 2016Pooled it
- Postmenopausal hormone therapy is not associated with risk of all-cause dementia and Alzheimer's disease.Epidemiologic reviews · 2014Pooled it
- Beyond one-size-fits-all: addressing sex differences and promoting inclusive leadership in cardiovascular research and healthcare.BMC medicine · 2025Review
- Risks and benefits of hormone therapy after menopause for cognitive decline and dementia: A conceptual review.Maturitas · 2024Review
- Hormone Replacement Therapy and the Incidence of Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy: a Nationwide Population-Based Study (2009-2018).Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2023Article
- Serum Uric Acid and Hyperuricemia Associate with Coronary Artery Disease among Postmenopausal Women.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Article
- Like mother, like daughter, like granddaughter… Transgenerational ignorance engendered by a defective reproductive health technology.Reproductive biomedicine & society online · 2022Article
- Benefits of Black Cohosh (Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- The Triangulation WIthin a STudy (TWIST) framework for causal inference within pharmacogenetic research.PLoS genetics · 2021Review
- Stem Cell Paracrine Signaling for Treatment of Premature Ovarian Insufficiency.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2020Review
- Association of genetically predicted testosterone with thromboembolism, heart failure, and myocardial infarction: mendelian randomisation study in UK Biobank.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2019Article
- Why women choose compounded bioidentical hormone therapy: lessons from a qualitative study of menopausal decision-making.BMC women's health · 2017Article
- How Do You Know Which Health Care Effectiveness Research You Can Trust? A Guide to Study Design for the Perplexed.Preventing chronic disease · 2015Article
- Bioidentical hormones, menopausal women, and the lure of the "natural" in U.S. anti-aging medicine.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2015Article
- Gender bias in clinical research, pharmaceutical marketing, and the prescription of drugs.Global health action · 2014Review
- History, biology, and health inequities: emergent embodied phenotypes and the illustrative case of the breast cancer estrogen receptor.American journal of public health · 2013Article
- Osteoprotective effects of Fructus Ligustri Lucidi aqueous extract in aged ovariectomized rats.Chinese medicine · 2010Article
- Estrogens of multiple classes and their role in mental health disease mechanisms.International journal of women's health · 2010Article
- Decline in US breast cancer rates after the Women's Health Initiative: socioeconomic and racial/ethnic differentials.American journal of public health · 2010Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
21 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Routine acceptance of use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) was shattered in 2002 when results of the largest HRT randomised clinical trial, the women's health initiative, indicated that long term use of oestrogen plus progestin HRT not only was associated with increased risk of cancer but, contrary to expectations, did not decrease, and may have increased, risk of cardiovascular disease. In June 2004 a group of historians, epidemiologists, biologists, clinicians, and women's health advocates met to discuss the scientific and social context of and response to these findings. It was found that understanding the evolving and contending knowledge on hormones and health requires: (1) considering its societal context, including the impact of the pharmaceutical industry, the biomedical emphasis on individualised risk and preventive medicine, and the gendering of hormones; and (2) asking why, for four decades, since the mid-1960s, were millions of women prescribed powerful pharmacological agents already demonstrated, three decades earlier, to be carcinogenic? Answering this question requires engaging with core issues of accountability, complexity, fear of mortality, and the conduct of socially responsible science.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.