ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2005
Establishment of NOD-Pdcd1-/- mice as an efficient animal model of type I diabetes.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 246 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neoadjuvant Nivolumab, or Nivolumab in Combination With Ipilimumab, in Resectable Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.
Neoadjuvant Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Resectable Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma
Who cites it
246 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 427 citations in OpenAlex.
- Islet function impairment outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- The harmful effect of ankylosing spondylitis on diabetes mellitus: new evidence from the Mendelian randomization analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Pooled it
- Successful treatment of nivolumab and ipilimumab triggered type 1 diabetes by using sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitor: a case report and systematic review.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- In or out of control: Modulating regulatory T cell homeostasis and function with immune checkpoint pathways.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- PD-1 inhibitor-associated type 1 diabetes: A case report and systematic review.Frontiers in public health · 2022Pooled it
- Are programmed cell death 1 gene polymorphisms correlated with susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis?: A meta-analysis.Medicine · 2017Pooled it
- Meta-analysis of programmed cell death 1 polymorphisms with systemic lupus erythematosus risk.Oncotarget · 2017Pooled it
- Activation of central/effector memory T cells and T-helper 1 polarization in malignant melanoma patients treated with anti-programmed death-1 antibody.Cancer science · 2018Trial
- Immune checkpoints and immunoregulation in metabolic diseases and cancers: pathological mechanisms and therapeutic potential.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Calorie Restriction Upregulates Islet PD-L1 Signaling and Decreases the Risk of Autoimmune Diabetes Onset in NOD Mice.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Harnessing tumor immune checkpoints for autoimmune disease therapeutics.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The role of programmed cell death 1 in autoimmune diseases: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Immune checkpoint changes correlate with the progression and prognosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- CD8 T cells mediate immunosurveillance for neoantigen+ epithelial stem cells in the colon.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- An interleukin-27-centered cytokine circuit regulates macrophage and T cell interactions in autoimmune diabetes.iScience · 2025Article
- Genome-Wide Aggregated Trans Effects Analysis for Circulating Proteins Indicates a Key Role of Immune Checkpoints in Type 1 Diabetes.Diabetes · 2025Article
- A vascular-associated fibroblastic cell controls pancreatic islet immunity.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Diabetes Mellitus-A Brief Review and Three Case Reports.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- The PD-1/PD-L1 pathway and Epstein-Barr virus.European journal of medical research · 2025Review
- Preclinical mouse models of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis.Nature cardiovascular research · 2025Review
186 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Mice deficient in programmed cell death 1 (PD-1, Pdcd1), an immunoinhibitory receptor belonging to the CD28/cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 family, spontaneously develop lupus-like autoimmune disease and autoimmune dilated cardiomyopathy on C57BL/6 and BALB/c backgrounds, respectively. However, how PD-1 deficiency induces different forms of autoimmune diseases on these two strains was unknown. Here, we report that PD-1 deficiency specifically accelerates the onset and frequency of type I diabetes in NOD (nonobese diabetic) mice, with strong T helper 1 polarization of T cells infiltrating into islets. These results suggest that PD-1 deficiency accelerates autoimmune predisposition of the background strain, leading to the induction of different forms of autoimmune diseases depending on the genetic background of the strain. Using NOD-Pdcd1-/- mice as an efficient animal model of type I diabetes, we screened diabetes-susceptible loci by genetic linkage analysis. The diabetic incidence of NOD-Pdcd1-/- mice was controlled by five genetic loci, including three known recessive loci [Idd (insulin-dependent diabetes) 1, Idd17, and Idd20] and two previously unidentified dominant loci [Iddp (Idd under PD-1 deficiency) 1 and Iddp2].
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.