ReviewClinical orthopaedics and related research2005
Bacterial plurality as a general mechanism driving persistence in chronic infections.
Review in Clinical orthopaedics and related research, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 140 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Characterization of the family-levelmBio · 2025Article
- Metronidazole response profiles of Gardnerella species are congruent with phylogenetic and comparative genomic analyses.Genome medicine · 2025Article
- Common regulatory mutation increases single-cell survival to antibiotic exposures inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Biological puzzles solved by usingJournal of bacteriology · 2024Review
- Combined reference-free and multi-reference based GWAS uncover cryptic variation underlying rapid adaptation in a fungal plant pathogen.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Evidence supportive of a bacterial component in the etiology for Alzheimer's disease and for a temporal-spatial development of a pathogenic microbiome in the brain.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Borrelia burgdorferi strain and host sex influence pathogen prevalence and abundance in the tissues of a laboratory rodent host.Molecular ecology · 2022Article
- Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) for biofilm treatments. Possible synergy between aPDT and pulsed electric fields.Virulence · 2021Review
- Editorial: Otitis Media Genomics and the Middle Ear Microbiome.Frontiers in genetics · 2021Article
- Bacterial Biofilm Growth on 3D-Printed Materials.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Beyond the pan-genome: current perspectives on the functional and practical outcomes of the distributed genome hypothesis.Biochemical Society transactions · 2020Review
- The Development of a Pipeline for the Identification and Validation of Small-Molecule RelA Inhibitors for Use as Anti-Biofilm Drugs.Microorganisms · 2020Article
- Polymicrobial Biofilm Interaction BetweenFrontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- Successful treatment of a unique chronic multi-bacterial scalp infection withAccess microbiology · 2020Article
- Article
- Puzzling Over the Pneumococcal Pangenome.Frontiers in microbiology · 2018Review
- Fungal Biofilms and Polymicrobial Diseases.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2017Review
- The Histidine Decarboxylase Gene Cluster ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2017Article
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Classical methods for the study of bacterial pathogens have proven to be inadequate to inform with respect to chronic infections including those associated with arthroplasties. Modern methods of analysis have demonstrated that bacterial growth patterns, ecology, and intra-species heterogeneity are more complex than were envisioned by early microbiologists. Cultural methods were developed to study acute, epidemic infections, but it is now recognized that the phenotype associated with these diseases represents only a minor aspect of the bacterial life cycle, which consists of planktonic, attachment, biofilm, and dispersal phases. Over 99% of bacteria in natural populations are found in biofilms which contain multiple ecological niches and numerous phenotypes. Unfortunately, the effort to develop antibiotics has been directed solely at the planktonic minority (associated with systemic illness) which explains our inability to eradicate chronic infections. In this study we establish a new rubric, bacterial plurality, for the understanding of bacterial ecology and evolution with respect to chronic infection. The fundamental tenets of bacterial plurality are that the bacteria within an infecting population display multiple phenotypes and possess multiple genotypes. Phenotypic plurality is embodied in the biofilm paradigm and genotypic plurality is embodied in the concepts of the supra-genome and the distributed genome hypothesis. It is now clear that bacterial diversity provides bacterial populations, as a whole, the ability to persist in the face of a multi-faceted host response.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.