ArticleJournal of general internal medicine2005
Trends in antibiotic prescribing for adults in the United States--1995 to 2002.
Article in Journal of general internal medicine, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trial
- Barriers and facilitators to the dissemination of DECISION+, a continuing medical education program for optimizing decisions about antibiotics for acute respiratory infections in primary care: a study protocol.Implementation science : IS · 2011Trial
- Association between Broad-Spectrum Antibiotic Use and Risk of Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2026Article
- The Behavior of Primary Healthcare Doctors Toward Antibiotic Prescriptions for Upper Respiratory Tract Infections.Cureus · 2024Article
- Antibiotic Therapy and Risk of Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer: A National Case-Control Study.Clinical and translational gastroenterology · 2022Article
- Current and Future Perspectives on Isothermal Nucleic Acid Amplification Technologies for Diagnosing Infections.Infection and drug resistance · 2020Review
- Outpatient Antibiotic Prescribing in Massachusetts, 2011-2015.Open forum infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Decreasing trends, and geographical variation in outpatient antibiotic use: a population-based study in Central Denmark.BMC infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Variability of Antibiotic Prescribing in a Large Healthcare Network Despite Adjusting for Patient-Mix: Reconsidering Targets for Improved Prescribing.Open forum infectious diseases · 2019Article
- An Evaluation Of Antibiotics Prescribing Patterns In The Emergency Department Of A Tertiary Care Hospital In Saudi Arabia.Infection and drug resistance · 2019Article
- Trends in outpatient antibiotic use and prescribing practice among US older adults, 2011-15: observational study.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2018Observational
- Top 10 most used drugs in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 2010-2015.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2018Article
- Is there an improvement of antibiotic use in China? Evidence from the usage analysis of combination antibiotic therapy for type I incisions in 244 hospitals.Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Medical sciences = Hua zhong ke ji da xue xue bao. Yi xue Ying De wen ban = Huazhong keji daxue xuebao. Yixue Yingdewen ban · 2016Article
- Prescribing Patterns in Outpatient Clinics of Township Hospitals in China: A Comparative Study before and after the 2009 Health System Reform.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2016Article
- Irrational use of antibiotics and the risk of diabetes in Ghana.Ghana medical journal · 2016Review
- Seasonality and Physician-related Factors Associated with Antibiotic Prescribing: A Cross-sectional Study in Isfahan, Iran.International journal of preventive medicine · 2015Article
- Patient Attitudes and Beliefs and Provider Practices Regarding Antibiotic Use for Acute Respiratory Tract Infections in Minya, Egypt.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2014Article
- Use of influenza antiviral agents by ambulatory care clinicians during the 2012-2013 influenza season.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2014Article
- Multisite exploration of clinical decision making for antibiotic use by emergency medicine providers using quantitative and qualitative methods.Infection control and hospital epidemiology · 2014Observational
- Outpatient antibiotic prescribing in the United States: 2000 to 2010.BMC medicine · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
contextThe impact of national efforts to limit antibiotic prescribing has not been fully evaluated.
objectivesTo analyze trends in outpatient visits associated with antibiotic prescription for U.S. adults.
designCross-sectional study of data (1995 to 2002) from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey.
participantsAdults > or =18 years with an outpatient visit to an office- or hospital-based medical practice or to an emergency department. All visits were classified into 1 of 4 diagnostic categories: (1) acute respiratory infection (ARI)-antibiotics rarely indicated, (2) ARI-antibiotics often indicated, (3) nonrespiratory infection-antibiotics often indicated, and (4) all others. MEASUREMENTS: Trends in: (1) Proportion of outpatient visits associated with an antibiotic prescription; (2) proportion of antibiotic prescriptions that were broad spectrum; and (3) number of visits and antibiotic prescriptions per 1,000 U.S. adults > or =18 years of age.
resultsFrom 1995-1996 to 2001-2002, the proportion of all outpatient visits that generated an antibiotic prescription decreased from 17.9% to 15.3% (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.84, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.76 to 0.92). The entire reduction was because of a decrease in antibiotic prescriptions associated with visits for ARIs where antibiotics are rarely indicated from 59.9% to 49.1% (adjusted OR 0.64 95% CI 0.51 to 0.80). However, the proportion of prescribed antibiotics for these visits that were classified as broad-spectrum antibiotic prescription increased from 41.0% to 76.8%. Overall outpatient visits increased from 1693 to 1986 per 1,000 adults over the 8 years studied, but associated antibiotic prescriptions changed little, from 302 to 304 per 1,000 adults.
conclusionDuring the study period, outpatient antibiotic prescribing for respiratory infections where antibiotics are rarely indicated has declined, while the proportion of broad-spectrum antibiotics prescribed for these diagnoses has increased significantly. This trend resulted in a 15% decline in the total proportion of outpatient visits in which antibiotics were prescribed. However, because outpatient visits increased 17% over this time period, the population burden of outpatient antibiotic prescriptions changed little.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.