Trial reportDiabetes2005
Expression of CD68 and macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 genes in human adipose and muscle tissues: association with cytokine expression, insulin resistance, and reduction by pioglitazone.
Trial report in Diabetes, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It reports registered trial NCT00108615. Cited by 175 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of Insulin Sensitizers in Subjects With Impaired Glucose Tolerance
Who cites it
175 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 358 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Effect of Dietary Sugar Intake on Biomarkers of Subclinical Inflammation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Intervention Studies.Nutrients · 2018Pooled it
- Human adipose beiging in response to cold and mirabegron.JCI insight · 2018Trial
- Pioglitazone after Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack.The New England journal of medicine · 2016 · on this mapTrial
- Sitagliptin Reduces Inflammation and Chronic Immune Cell Activation in HIV+ Adults With Impaired Glucose Tolerance.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2015Trial
- Reduced adipose tissue macrophage content is associated with improved insulin sensitivity in thiazolidinedione-treated diabetic humans.Diabetes · 2013Trial
- Omega-3 fatty acids reduce adipose tissue macrophages in human subjects with insulin resistance.Diabetes · 2013Trial
- Matrix metalloproteinase-9 is increased in obese subjects and decreases in response to pioglitazone.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2010Trial
- Association of scavenger receptors in adipose tissue with insulin resistance in nondiabetic humans.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2009Trial
- Effects of a community-based weight loss intervention on adipose tissue circulating factors.Diabetes & metabolic syndromeTrial
- Constitutive mTORC1 activation in skeletal muscle increases inflammation but is not sufficient to impair glucose tolerance.Function (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Insulin Resistance and Inflammation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Immunoengineering strategies using nanoparticles for obesity treatment.Nano research · 2025Article
- Pioglitazone modulates metabolic adaptation and peripheral nerve regeneration after injury.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2025Article
- Photobiomodulation with IR and RED light acutely applied to lipedema patients: preliminary study with 3 cases.Lasers in medical science · 2025Article
- Abdominal versus femoral subcutaneous fat gene expression in non-obese insulin resistant individuals.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Electroacupuncture for abdominal obesity: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.BMJ open · 2024Article
- Microplastic exposure linked to accelerated aging and impaired adipogenesis in fat cells.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Cxcr4 regulates a pool of adipocyte progenitors and contributes to adiposity in a sex-dependent manner.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Unraveling the complex roles of macrophages in obese adipose tissue: an overview.Frontiers of medicine · 2024Review
115 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
To examine the role of adipose-resident macrophages in insulin resistance, we examined the gene expression of CD68, a macrophage marker, along with macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in human subcutaneous adipose tissue using real-time RT-PCR. Both CD68 and MCP-1 mRNAs were expressed in human adipose tissue, primarily in the stromal vascular fraction. When measured in the adipose tissue from subjects with normal glucose tolerance, covering a wide range of BMI (21-51 kg/m2) and insulin sensitivity (S(I)) (0.6-8.0 x 10(-4)min(-1).microU(-1).ml(-1)), CD68 mRNA abundance, which correlated with the number of CD68-positive cells by immunohistochemistry, tended to increase with BMI but was not statistically significant. However, there was a significant inverse relation between CD68 mRNA and S(I) (r=-0.55, P=0.02). In addition, there was a strong positive relationship among adipose tissue CD68 mRNA, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) secretion in vitro (r=0.79, P<0.005), and plasma interleukin-6 (r=0.67, P < 0.005). To determine whether improving S(I) in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) was associated with decreased CD68 expression, IGT subjects were treated for 10 weeks with pioglitazone or metformin. Pioglitazone increased S(I) by 60% and in the same subjects reduced both CD68 and MCP-1 mRNAs by >50%. Furthermore, pioglitazone resulted in a reduction in the number of CD68-positive cells in adipose tissue and reduced plasma TNF-alpha. Metformin had no effect on any of these measures. Thus, treatment with pioglitazone reduces expression of CD68 and MCP-1 in adipose tissue, apparently by reducing macrophage numbers, resulting in reduced inflammatory cytokine production and improvement in S(I).
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.