ArticleNature medicine2005
Killed but metabolically active microbes: a new vaccine paradigm for eliciting effector T-cell responses and protective immunity.
Article in Nature medicine, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
78 citing papers in PubMed, 133 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Lumpy Skin Disease Virus (LSDV): evaluating global impact, Ethiopia's response strategies, and the promise of gamma-ray inactivated vaccines.Tropical animal health and production · 2025Review
- The inactivated and ISA 61 VG adjuvanted vaccine enhances protection against cross-serotype Listeria monocytogenes.Veterinary research · 2025Article
- Advancing vaccine technology through the manipulation of pathogenic and commensal bacteria.Materials today. Bio · 2024Review
- Fabrication of cyborg bacterial cells as living cell-material hybrids using intracellular hydrogelation.Nature protocols · 2024Review
- Engineering Cyborg Pathogens through Intracellular Hydrogelation.ACS synthetic biology · 2024Article
- Photochemical inactivation as an alternative method to produce a whole-cell vaccine for uropathogenicMicrobiology spectrum · 2024Article
- Synthetic control of living cells by intracellular polymerization.Trends in biotechnology · 2024Review
- Bacteria-Based Nanoprobes for Cancer Therapy.International journal of nanomedicine · 2024Review
- Engineered Probiotic-Based Personalized Cancer Vaccine Potentiates Antitumor Immunity through Initiating Trained Immunity.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Polarization- and Chaos-Game-Based Fingerprinting of Molecular Targets of Listeria Monocytogenes Vaccine and Fully Virulent Strains.Current issues in molecular biology · 2023Article
- The Immunogenicity and Properties of a Whole-Cell ETEC Vaccine Inactivated with Psoralen and UVA Light in Comparison to Formalin.Microorganisms · 2023Article
- Current Status and Challenges of Vaccination Therapy for Glioblastoma.Molecular cancer therapeutics · 2023Article
- Review
- Aerosol vaccination of chicken pullets with irradiated avian pathogenicFrontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Advances in Irradiated Livestock Vaccine Research and Production Addressing the Unmet Needs for Farmers and Veterinary Services in FAO/IAEA Member States.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Characterization of humoral and cellular immune features of gamma-irradiated influenza vaccine.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2021Article
18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We developed a new class of vaccines, based on killed but metabolically active (KBMA) bacteria, that simultaneously takes advantage of the potency of live vaccines and the safety of killed vaccines. We removed genes required for nucleotide excision repair (uvrAB), rendering microbial-based vaccines exquisitely sensitive to photochemical inactivation with psoralen and long-wavelength ultraviolet light. Colony formation of the nucleotide excision repair mutants was blocked by infrequent, randomly distributed psoralen crosslinks, but the bacterial population was able to express its genes, synthesize and secrete proteins. Using the intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes as a model platform, recombinant psoralen-inactivated Lm DeltauvrAB vaccines induced potent CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell responses and protected mice against virus challenge in an infectious disease model and provided therapeutic benefit in a mouse cancer model. Microbial KBMA vaccines used either as a recombinant vaccine platform or as a modified form of the pathogen itself may have broad use for the treatment of infectious disease and cancer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.