ArticleInfection and immunity2005
Type 1 immunity provides both optimal mucosal and systemic protection against a mucosally invasive, intracellular pathogen.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Long-Lasting Antibody and CD8Vaccines · 2026Article
- Beyond the first case of Chagas disease: the Berenice strain as a model for understanding long-term Trypanosoma cruzi infection.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2025Review
- Th17 Cells Provide Mucosal Protection against Gastric Trypanosoma cruzi Infection.Infection and immunity · 2021Article
- Differential Expression of Immune Response Genes in Asymptomatic Chronic Chagas Disease PatientsFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Article
- Immunomodulation for the Treatment of Chronic Chagas Disease Cardiomyopathy: A New Approach to an Old Enemy.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
- The Unsolved Jigsaw Puzzle of the Immune Response in Chagas Disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Th17 Cells Are More Protective Than Th1 Cells Against the Intracellular Parasite Trypanosoma cruzi.PLoS pathogens · 2016Article
- Costimulatory Effects of an Immunodominant Parasite Antigen Paradoxically Prevent Induction of Optimal CD8 T Cell Protective Immunity.PLoS pathogens · 2016Article
- Deficiency of antigen-specific B cells results in decreased Trypanosoma cruzi systemic but not mucosal immunity due to CD8 T cell exhaustion.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2015Article
- Immunization with Hexon modified adenoviral vectors integrated with gp83 epitope provides protection against Trypanosoma cruzi infection.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2014Article
- Induction of IL-12 production in human peripheral monocytes by Trypanosoma cruzi Is mediated by glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored mucin-like glycoproteins and potentiated by IFN- γ and CD40-CD40L interactions.Mediators of inflammation · 2014Article
- Comparison of the infectivity of Trypanosoma cruzi insect-derived metacyclic trypomastigotes after mucosal and cutaneous contaminative challenges.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2013Article
- Recombinant yellow fever viruses elicit CD8+ T cell responses and protective immunity against Trypanosoma cruzi.PloS one · 2013Article
- Trypanosoma cruzi Entrance through Systemic or Mucosal Infection Sites Differentially Modulates Regional Immune Response Following Acute Infection in Mice.Frontiers in immunology · 2013Article
- Oral exposure to Trypanosoma cruzi elicits a systemic CD8⁺ T cell response and protection against heterotopic challenge.Infection and immunity · 2011Article
- Induction of proinflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide by Trypanosoma cruzi in renal cells.Parasitology research · 2011Article
- Importance of the CCR5-CCL5 axis for mucosal Trypanosoma cruzi protection and B cell activation.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2011Article
- Heterologous plasmid DNA prime-recombinant human adenovirus 5 boost vaccination generates a stable pool of protective long-lived CD8(+) T effector memory cells specific for a human parasite, Trypanosoma cruzi.Infection and immunity · 2011Article
- Co-administration of a plasmid DNA encoding IL-15 improves long-term protection of a genetic vaccine against Trypanosoma cruzi.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2011Article
- ECG detection of murine chagasic cardiomyopathy.The Journal of parasitology · 2010Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
It has been hypothesized that optimal vaccine immunity against mucosally invasive, intracellular pathogens may require the induction of different types of immune responses in mucosal and systemic lymphoid tissues. Mucosal type 2/3 responses (producing interleukin-4 [IL-4], IL-6 and/or transforming growth factor beta) could be necessary for optimal induction of protective secretory immunoglobulin A responses. On the other hand, systemic type 1 responses (including gamma interferon [IFN-gamma], tumor necrosis factor alpha, and optimal cytotoxic T-cell responses) are likely to be critical for protection against the disseminated intracellular replication that occurs after mucosal invasion. Despite these predictions, we recently found that vaccines inducing highly polarized type 1 immunity in both mucosal and systemic tissues provided optimal mucosal and systemic protection against the protozoan pathogen Trypanosoma cruzi. To further address this important question in a second model system, we now have studied the capacity of knockout mice to develop protective immune memory. T. cruzi infection followed by nifurtimox treatment rescue was used to immunize CD4, CD8, beta2-microglobulin, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), IL-12, IFN-gamma, and IL-4 knockout mice. Despite the previously demonstrated importance of CD4(+) T cells, CD8(+) T cells, and nitric oxide for T. cruzi immunity, CD4, CD8, and iNOS knockout mice developed mucosal and systemic protective immunity. However, IL-12, IFN-gamma, and beta2-microglobulin-deficient mice failed to develop mucosal or systemic protection. In contrast, IL-4 knockout mice developed maximal levels of both mucosal and systemic immune protection. These results strongly confirm our earlier conclusion from studies with polarizing vaccination protocols that type 1 immunity provides optimal mucosal and systemic protection against a mucosally invasive, intracellular pathogen.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.