Trial reportPsychopharmacology2005
Influence of the duration of abstinence on the relative reinforcing effects of cigarette smoking.
Trial report in Psychopharmacology, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Incentives for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Incentives for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- A Secondary Analysis of a Preliminary Contingency Management Intervention for Presurgical Cancer Patients: Evaluating Individual Participant Data.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Trial
- Changes in Cigarette Consumption With Reduced Nicotine Content Cigarettes Among Smokers With Psychiatric Conditions or Socioeconomic Disadvantage: 3 Randomized Clinical Trials.JAMA network open · 2020Trial
- Examining Age as a Potential Moderator of Response to Reduced Nicotine Content Cigarettes in Vulnerable Populations.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2019Trial
- A randomized trial of contingency management for smoking cessation in the homeless.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2018Trial
- Addiction Potential of Cigarettes With Reduced Nicotine Content in Populations With Psychiatric Disorders and Other Vulnerabilities to Tobacco Addiction.JAMA psychiatry · 2017Trial
- Examining the effects of initial smoking abstinence on response to smoking-related stimuli and response inhibition in a human laboratory model.Psychopharmacology · 2014Trial
- Automatic approach bias towards smoking cues is present in smokers but not in ex-smokers.Psychopharmacology · 2013Trial
- Evaluation of the effects of rivastigmine on cigarette smoking by methamphetamine-dependent volunteers.Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry · 2011Trial
- A contingency-management intervention to promote initial smoking cessation among opioid-maintained patients.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2010Trial
- Changes in the relative reinforcing effects of cigarette smoking as a function of initial abstinence.Psychopharmacology · 2009Trial
- Contingency management and motivational enhancement: a randomized clinical trial for college student smokers.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2009Trial
- Randomized trial comparing two treatment strategies using prize-based reinforcement of abstinence in cocaine and opiate users.Journal of applied behavior analysis · 2008Trial
- Effects of initial abstinence and programmed lapses on the relative reinforcing effects of cigarette smoking.Journal of applied behavior analysis · 2008Trial
- Delay discounting predicts cigarette smoking in a laboratory model of abstinence reinforcement.Psychopharmacology · 2007Trial
- Effects of internet-based voucher reinforcement and a transdermal nicotine patch on cigarette smoking.Journal of applied behavior analysis · 2007Trial
- Development of Mobile Contingency Management for Cannabis Use Reduction.Behavior therapy · 2024Article
- Pilot Cohorts for Development of Concurrent Mobile Treatment for Alcohol and Tobacco Use Disorders.Substance abuse : research and treatment · 2021Article
- Potential Moderating Effects of Psychiatric Diagnosis and Symptom Severity on Subjective and Behavioral Responses to Reduced Nicotine Content Cigarettes.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
rationaleSustaining smoking abstinence during the initial weeks of a cessation effort is highly correlated with long-term smoking abstinence. However, experimental research is needed to establish a direct causal relationship between achieving early abstinence and lowered relapse risk.
objectiveIn the present study, we tested whether a period of sustained abstinence directly decreases the relative reinforcing effects of cigarette smoking.
methodsParticipants were 63 adult smokers who were randomized into one of three conditions: 14-day (14C), 7-day (7C), and 1-day (1C) contingent payment for smoking abstinence. Smoking status was assessed three times per day for 14 consecutive days using breath carbon monoxide monitoring and an abstinence criterion of < or = 4 ppm. In the 14C condition, monetary payment was contingent on abstinence for all 14 days; in the 7C condition, payment was noncontingent for days 1-7 and contingent for days 8-14; in the 1C condition, payment was noncontingent for days 1-13 and contingent for day 14. On day 14, all participants completed a 3-h preference session under controlled laboratory conditions wherein they could make a maximum of 20 exclusive choices between options to smoke (two puffs/choice) or earn money (0.25 dollars/choice). Preference was deemed an index of the relative reinforcing effects of smoking and money.
resultsA significantly lower proportion of participants in the 14C condition ever chose the smoking option (19%) compared to those in the 7C (57%) or 1C (62%) conditions.
conclusionsThese results provide experimental evidence that sustained abstinence can decrease the relative reinforcing effects of smoking, an effect that may be related to the commonly observed decrease in relapse risk among those who are able to sustain smoking abstinence during the initial weeks of a cessation effort.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.