ArticleInternational immunology2005
Thymic expression of peripheral tissue antigens in humans: a remarkable variability among individuals.
Article in International immunology, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Successful treatment of metastatic melanoma by adoptive transfer of blood-derived polyclonal tumor-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in combination with low-dose interferon-alpha.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2011Trial
- Ocular immune homeostasis-mechanisms of precise regulation through coordination of the eye, visual system and beyond: a narrative review.Annals of eye science · 2026Article
- Review
- Uveitis: Molecular Pathogenesis and Emerging Therapies.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Thymic epithelial cell heterogeneity: TEC by TEC.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2020Review
- Proteolytic dynamics of human 20S thymoproteasome.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2019Article
- Humanized Mice Reveal New Insights Into the Thymic Selection of Human Autoreactive CD8Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- Twenty Years of AIRE.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Tolerance Induction in Relation to the Eye.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- T Helper 1 Cellular Immunity Toward Recoverin Is Enhanced in Patients With Active Autoimmune Retinopathy.Frontiers in medicine · 2018Article
- Immune mechanisms in inflammatory and degenerative eye disease.Trends in immunology · 2015Review
- Ocular Inflammatory Diseases: Molecular Pathogenesis and Immunotherapy.Current molecular medicine · 2015Review
- Article
- Regulation of CD8(+) T Cell Responses to Retinal Antigen by Local FoxP3(+) Regulatory T Cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2012Article
- Etiopathogenesis of insulin autoimmunity.Anatomy research international · 2012Article
- A look at autoimmunity and inflammation in the eye.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2010Review
- Cancer-associated retinopathy caused by benign thymoma.The British journal of ophthalmology · 2010Article
- Regulation of major histocompatibility complex class II gene expression, genetic variation and disease.Genes and immunity · 2010Review
- Recent advances in the genetics of autoimmune disease.Annual review of immunology · 2009Review
- Promiscuous gene expression patterns in single medullary thymic epithelial cells argue for a stochastic mechanism.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2008Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The majority of maturing T lymphocytes that recognize self-antigens is eliminated in the thymus upon exposure to their target antigens. This physiological process of negative selection requires that tissue-specific antigens be expressed by thymic cells, a phenomenon that has been well studied in experimental animals. Here, we have examined the expression in human thymi of four retinal antigens, that are capable of inducing autoimmune ocular disease retinal S-antigen (S-Ag), recoverin, RPE65 and inter-photoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP)], as well as four melanocyte-specific antigens, two of which are used as targets for melanoma immunotherapy [gp100, melanoma antigen recognized by T cells 1, tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1 and TRP-2]. Using reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, we found that all thymic samples from the 18 donors expressed mRNA transcripts of most or all the eight tested tissue antigens. Yet, the expression of the transcripts varied remarkably among the individual thymic samples. In addition, S-Ag, RPE65 and IRBP were detected by immunostaining in rare cells in sections of human thymi by antibodies against these proteins. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis revealed that the retinal antigen transcripts in the human thymus are present at trace levels, that are lower by approximately five orders of magnitude than those in the retina. Our observations thus support the notions that thymic expression is a common feature for all tissue-specific antigens and that the levels of expression play a role in determining the susceptibility to autoimmunity against these molecules.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.