ArticleRheumatology international2006
Cholesterol crystal embolization mimicking vasculitis: success with corticosteroid and cyclophosphamide therapy in two cases.
Article in Rheumatology international, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Progressive Cutaneous Cholesterol Emboli Syndrome.Cureus · 2025Article
- The Controversial Role of Glucocorticoids in Atheroembolic Renal Disease: A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Cholesterol Embolization Syndrome After Kidney Transplantation: A Case Series and Systematic Review.Transplantation direct · 2021Article
- Low-dose oral cyclophosphamide therapy reduces atherosclerosis progression by decreasing inflammatory cells in a murine model of atherosclerosis.International journal of cardiology. Heart & vasculature · 2020Article
- Cholesterol-embolization syndrome: current perspectives.Vascular health and risk management · 2019Review
- Cholesterol Crystal Embolism Induced by Direct Factor Xa Inhibitor: A First Case Report.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2018Article
- Contrast-induced acute kidney injury: A review of practical points.World journal of nephrology · 2017 · on this mapReview
- Favorable outcome in atheroembolic renal disease with pulse steroid therapy.Indian journal of nephrology · 2012Article
- Blue toes.Oman medical journal · 2012Article
- Cholesterol embolization syndrome following thrombolysis during acute myocardial infarction.Herz · 2012Article
- Acrocyanosis: the Flying Dutchman.Vascular medicine (London, England) · 2011Review
- Polyneuropathy associated with cholesterol crystal embolism.Neurocritical care · 2010Article
- Spontaneous Cholesterol Embolism Presenting as Acute Kidney Injury: A Nephrology Approach and Literature Review.Journal of investigative medicine high impact case reportsReview
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cholesterol crystal embolization is a potential complication of atherosclerosis. Approximately one-third of the patients who develop this problem have a history of vascular surgery, angiography or angioplasty hours to weeks before onset. The skin and the kidneys are most frequently involved, but any organ can be affected. Livedo reticularis of the lower extremities and acrocyanosis (known as "blue toe syndrome") are the most common cutaneous manifestations. Histological examination is the only way to definitively diagnose cholesterol crystal embolization. Recently, it has been proposed that cholesterol embolization is associated with vasculitis, and some authors have labeled this condition a "vasculitis look-alike." There is still no specific treatment for this problem, even in cases that progress to renal failure. However, a few case reports in the literature have noted successful treatment with corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide in patients with deteriorating renal function. In this article, we describe two cases of severe cholesterol crystal embolization accompanied by renal dysfunction) and blue toe syndrome. Both patients benefited from corticosteroid and cyclophosphamide therapy.
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