ArticleJournal of virology2005
Diversity, divergence, and evolution of cell-free human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in vaginal secretions and blood of chronically infected women: associations with immune status.
Article in Journal of virology, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evidence for both Intermittent and Persistent Compartmentalization of HIV-1 in the Female Genital Tract.Journal of virology · 2019Article
- High discordance in blood and genital tract HIV-1 drug resistance in Indian women failing first-line therapy.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2018Article
- Understanding dengue virus evolution to support epidemic surveillance and counter-measure development.Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases · 2018Review
- HIV-1 envelope replication and α4β7 utilization among newly infected subjects and their corresponding heterosexual partners.Retrovirology · 2013Article
- Human immunodeficiency viruses appear compartmentalized to the female genital tract in cross-sectional analyses but genital lineages do not persist over time.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2013Article
- Female genital tract shedding of CXCR4-tropic HIV Type 1 is associated with a majority population of CXCR4-tropic HIV Type 1 in blood and declining CD4(+) cell counts.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2012Article
- HIV-1 RNA rectal shedding is reduced in men with low plasma HIV-1 RNA viral loads and is not enhanced by sexually transmitted bacterial infections of the rectum.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2011Article
- Correlation between CD4 T cell counts and virus compartmentalization in genital and systemic compartments of HIV-infected females.Virology · 2011Article
- Persistence of rhinovirus RNA and IP-10 gene expression after acute asthma.Respirology (Carlton, Vic.) · 2011Article
- Viral sequence analysis from HIV-infected mothers and infants: molecular evolution, diversity, and risk factors for mother-to-child transmission.Clinics in perinatology · 2010Article
- Local replication of simian immunodeficiency virus in the breast milk compartment of chronically-infected, lactating rhesus monkeys.Retrovirology · 2010Article
- Trappin-2/Elafin: a novel innate anti-human immunodeficiency virus-1 molecule of the human female reproductive tract.Immunology · 2010Article
- Article
- Potent simian immunodeficiency virus-specific cellular immune responses in the breast milk of simian immunodeficiency virus-infected, lactating rhesus monkeys.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2008Article
- A predominance of R5-like HIV genotypes in vaginal secretions is associated with elevated plasma HIV-1 RNA levels and the absence of anti-retroviral therapy.Virology journal · 2008Article
- Functional diversity of HIV-1 envelope proteins expressed by contemporaneous plasma viruses.Retrovirology · 2008Article
- Comparative study of methods for detecting sequence compartmentalization in human immunodeficiency virus type 1.Journal of virology · 2007Article
- Genetic and phenotypic features of blood and genital viral populations of clinically asymptomatic and antiretroviral-treatment-naive clade a human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected women.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2007Article
- Cervical shedding of HIV-1 RNA among women with low levels of viremia while receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2007Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Most human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infections are believed to be the result of exposure to the virus in genital secretions. However, prevention and therapeutic strategies are usually based on characterizations of HIV-1 in blood. To understand better the dynamics between HIV-1 quasispecies in the genital tract and blood, we performed heteroduplex assays on amplified env products from cell-free viral RNA in paired vaginal secretion (VS) and blood plasma (BP) samples of 14 women followed for 1.5 to 3.5 years. Diversity and divergence were less in VS than in BP (P = 0.03 and P < 0.01, respectively), and divergence at both sites was correlated with blood CD4(+) cell levels (VS, P = 0.05; BP, P = 0.01). Evolution of quasispecies was observed in 58% of the women; the loss or gain of quasispecies in VS or BP was always accompanied by such changes at the other site. In addition, sustained compartmentalization of quasispecies in VS was found for four women, even as CD4(+) cell levels decreased to low levels (<50 cells/microl). Quasispecies changes over time were associated with fluctuations in CD4(+) cell levels; concordant increases or decreases in VS and BP divergence had greater CD4(+) cell level changes than intervals with discordant changes (P = 0.05), and women with evolving quasispecies had greater decreases in CD4(+) cell levels compared to that for women who maintained the same quasispecies (P < 0.05). Thus, diversity, divergence, and evolution of cell-free HIV-1 in VS can be different from that in BP, and dynamics between their respective quasispecies are associated with changes in CD4(+) cell levels.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.