ReviewCNS drug reviews2005
Bremazocine: a kappa-opioid agonist with potent analgesic and other pharmacologic properties.
Review in CNS drug reviews, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Design of κ-Opioid Receptor Agonists for the Development of Potential Treatments of Pain with Reduced Side Effects.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Diels-Alder Adducts of Morphinan-6,8-Dienes and Their Transformations.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Kappa Opioid Receptor Ligands and Pharmacology: Diphenethylamines, a Class of Structurally Distinct, Selective Kappa Opioid Ligands.Handbook of experimental pharmacology · 2022Review
- The Role of Dynorphin and the Kappa Opioid Receptor in Schizophrenia and Major Depressive Disorder: A Translational Approach.Handbook of experimental pharmacology · 2022Review
- In Silico Identification of Tripeptides as Lead Compounds for the Design of KOR Ligands.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Relevance of the Kappa Dynorphin System to Schizophrenia and Its Therapeutics.Journal of psychiatry and brain science · 2021Article
- Determination of structural factors affecting binding to mu, kappa and delta opioid receptors.Archives of toxicology · 2020Article
- Article
- Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationships of (-)-Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Article
- PI3K/Akt Pathway: A Role in δ-Opioid Receptor-Mediated RGC Neuroprotection.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2017Article
- Article
- Novel κ-opioid receptor agonist MB-1C-OH produces potent analgesia with less depression and sedation.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2015Article
- Anti-nociception mediated by a κ opioid receptor agonist is blocked by a δ receptor agonist.British journal of pharmacology · 2015Article
- Identification of novel functionally selective κ-opioid receptor scaffolds.Molecular pharmacology · 2014Article
- Delta-opioid agonist SNC-121 protects retinal ganglion cell function in a chronic ocular hypertensive rat model.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2013Article
- The mu/kappa agonist nalbuphine attenuates sensitization to the behavioral effects of cocaine.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2013Article
- Preservation of retina ganglion cell function by morphine in a chronic ocular-hypertensive rat model.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2012Article
- The effects of repeated opioid administration on locomotor activity: I. Opposing actions of mu and kappa receptors.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2009Article
- Inhibitory effect of low-dose pentazocine on the development of antinociceptive tolerance to morphine.Journal of anesthesia · 2009Article
- Fear and the Defense Cascade: Clinical Implications and Management.Harvard review of psychiatryReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Bremazocine is a kappa-opioid receptor agonist with potent analgesic and diuretic activities. As an analgesic it is three- to four-times more potent than morphine, as determined in both hot plate and tail flick tests. Bremazocine and other benzomorphan analogs were synthesized in an effort to produce opiates with greater kappa-opioid receptor selectivity and with minimal morphine-like side effects. Unlike morphine bremazocine is devoid of physical and psychological dependence liability in animal models and produces little or no respiratory depression. While bremazocine does not produce the characteristic euphoria associated with morphine and its abuse, it has been shown to induce dysphoria, a property that limits its clinical usefulness. Similarly to morphine, repeated administration of bremazocine leads to tolerance to its analgesic effect. It has been demonstrated that the marked diuretic effect of bremazocine is mediated primarily by the central nervous system. Because of its psychotomimetic side effects (disturbance in the perception of space and time, abnormal visual experience, disturbance in body image perception, de-personalization, de-realization and loss of self control) bremazocine has limited potential as a clinical analgesic. However, its possible utility for the therapy of alcohol and drug addiction warrants further consideration because of its ability to decrease ethanol and cocaine self-administration in non-human primates. In addition, the ability of bremazocine-like drugs to lower intraocular pressure and to minimize ischemic damage in animal models suggests their possible use in the therapy of glaucoma and cardiovascular disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.